Global Renewable Energy-Based Electricity Generation and Smart Grid System for Energy Security
Table 4
World renewable energy use by type and scenario [85].
New policies
Current policies
450 scenario
2011
2020
2035
2020
2035
2020
2035
Electricity generation (TWh)
4 482
7 196
11 612
6 844
10 022
7 528
15 483
Bioenergy
424
762
1 477
734
1 250
797
2 056
Hydro
3 490
4 555
5 827
4 412
5 478
4 667
6 394
Wind
434
1 326
2 774
1 195
2 251
1 441
4 337
Geothermal
69
128
299
114
217
142
436
Solar PV
61
379
951
352
680
422
1 389
Concentrating solar power
2
43
245
35
122
56 806
56 806
Marine
1
3
39
3
24
3
64
Share of total generation
20%
26%
31%
24%
25%
28%
48%
Heat demand* (Mtoe)
434
438
602
432
551
466
704
Industry
209
253
316
255
308
248
328
Buildings* and agriculture
135
184
286
177
243
198
376
Share of total demand
8%
10%
12%
9%
11%
10%
16%
Biofuels (mboe/d)**
1.3
2.1
4.1
1.9
3.3
2.6
7.7
Road transport
1.3
2.1
4.1
1.9
3.2
2.6
6.8
Aviation***
—
—
0.1
—
0.1
—
0.9
Share of total transport
2%
4%
6%
3%
4%
5%
15%
Traditional biomass (Mtoe)
744
730
680
732
689
718
647
Share of total bioenergy
57%
49%
37%
50%
40%
47%
29%
Share of total renewable energy demand
43%
33%
22%
34%
25%
32%
17%
*Excluding traditional biomass. **Expressed in energy-equivalent volumes of gasoline and diesel.
***International bunkers. Note: Mtoe: million tonnes of oil equivalent; TPED: total primary energy demand; TWh: terawatt-hour; mboe/d: million barrels of oil equivalent per day.