Leukemia Inhibitory Factor: Roles in Embryo Implantation and in Nonhormonal Contraception
Table 1
Summary of the literatures that reported the use of LIF antagonist in preventing implantation in different models. So far, only one study has been performed on human uterine tissues in-vitro which investigated this effect.
Yes luminal and glandular epithelia; endometrial lysates (intramuscular administration)
Cynomolgus monkeys
Reduced endometrial STAT3 protein phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro Inhibited LIF induced expression of cochlin, IGF-BP 3, VEGF A, and COX-2 in endometrial explants in vitro
In-vitro study on timed human endometrial biopsy tissue
Yes
Human
Reduced embryo attachment rate to endometrium Decreased LIF mRNA and protein in endometrium Inhibition of embryonic LIF triggered endometrial cell apoptosis Downregulation in AKT activation and increase of caspase-3 activation in blastocysts