Carrier-Based Drug Delivery System for Treatment of Acne

Table 5

Novel carrier-based delivery system for acne.

Drug	Objective	Outcomes	Reference
Liposomal formulation
Benzoyl peroxide	To improve the antibacterial efficacy of benzoyl peroxide	A significant antibacterial effect in the infundibula against both P.  acne and Micrococcaceae was observed as compared to the conventional formulation.	[64]
Clindamycin	To improve the stability and penetrability	Increased stability and intradermal penetrability	[65]
Salicylic acid	To reduce associated side effects	Liposomal formulation produced fivefold higher deposition of drug in skin than the corresponding plain drug solution and conventional gel and reduced skin irritation was observed.	[66]
Tretinoin	To improve the stability and the thermodynamic activity	Increased stability and drug retention were achieved.	[67]
Isotretinoin	To increase skin targeting and skin deposition and reduce skin irritation.	Increase skin targeting, drug deposition and decrease skin irritation were observed.	[68]
Lauric acid	To evaluate the antimicrobial activity	Lauric acid loaded liposomes release the drug directly into the bacterial membranes, thereby killing the bacteria effectively.	[14]
Cyproterone acetate	To increase percutaneous absorption	Better penetration was observed	[69]
Finasteride	To increase skin permeation, deposition, and stability of the drug.	Higher deposition of drug in skin, increased permeation and stability were observed.	[70]
Tea oil	To increase skin permeability of drug.	Tea oil liposome disrupted the permeability barrier of cell membrane structures and increased the permeability.	[48]
Methylene blue	To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of liposomes loaded methylene blue.	Liposomal formulation delivered the methylene blue to sebaceous gland and was effective in treatment of mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris.	[71]
Niosome formulation
Benzoyl peroxide	To reduce the associated side effects	Niosomal gel improved the skin retention, therapeutic response and considerably reduced the adverse symptoms.	[72]
Tretinoin	To improve skin drug retention of drug and increase photostability.	Niosomal formulation improved the cutaneous or transdermal delivery of a lipophilic tretinoin and increased photostability.	[63]
Erythromycin	To enhance drug retention into skin and improve stability.	Niosomal gel was significantly more stable as compared to plain drug gel and marketed gel and drug retention was increased.	[72]
Microsponge formulation
Benzoyl peroxide	To reduce skin irritation.	Controlled release and reduced skin irritation	[73]
Tretinoin	To reduce cutaneous side effect	Controlled release of tretinoin with reduced cutaneous side effects.	[74]
Microemulsion formulation
Tretinoin	To increase skin permeation and skin retention.	Novel microemulsion increases tretinoin penetration through skin and maximum amount of drug retained as compare to plain drug in solution, gel and marketed preparation.	[75, 76]
Retinoic acid	To increase lipophilicity and skin permeability.	The O/W micro emulsions containing a counter ion increased the skin permeability and lipophilicity of drug.	[77]
Microsphere formulation
Benzoyl peroxide	To reduce skin irritation on topical treatment.	Cream containing microspheres of benzoyl peroxide offered favorable efficacy with a very low potential for irritation.	[78]
Tretinoin	To reduce cutaneous irritation, including erythema, peeling, dryness, burning, and itching.	Microsphere formulation reduced local side effects and sustained release was achieved.	[79]
All trans retinoic acid	To control the release of drug.	Controlled release of drug was produced by encapsulation of drug into the microsphere.	[80]
Solid lipid nanoparticles formulation
Tretinoin	To evaluate the potential of a lipophilic drug with respect to primary skin irritation, in vitro occlusivity and skin permeation.	Lesser skin irritancy, greater skin tolerance, occlusivity, slow drug release, and increased permeability were observed with the developed tretinoin loaded SLN-based gels more than the commercial product.	[81]
Isotretinoin	To evaluate skin penetration	SLN loaded with isotretinoin significantly increased the accumulative uptake of drug into the skin and enhanced the skin permeation.	[82]
All trans retinoic acid	To produce comedolytic effect and reduce skin irritation.	SLN produced comedolytic effects and epidermal thickening with reduced skin irritation.	[73]
Sphingosome	To increase skin permeation of drug.	Sphingosome SLN enhanced the permeation of the drug through the skin to acne lesion.	[83]
Cyproterone acetate (CPA)	To reduce side effect and improve skin penetration and absorption.	CPA attached to SLN increased skin penetration at least four-fold over the uptake from cream and nanoemulsion. Incorporation of drug into the lipid matrix of NLC resulted in a 2 to 3 fold increase in CPA absorption.	[84]
Triclosan	To increase stability, skin retention and permeability.	Triclosan nanoparticle increased the stability and showed higher retention and permeability than conventional cream formulation.	[85]
Hydrogel formulation
Triclosan	To increase the permeability through skin.	Triclosan permeability was increased by using transcutol as a permeation enhancer.	[86]
Tretinoin	To increase release permeation and reduce skin irritation of tretinoin.	The complexation of tretinoin with dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin overcome the drug’s low water solubility thereby increasing drug release and enhanced the drug permeation by promoting skin absorption and alleviate drug inducing local irritation.	[87]
Aerosol foams formulation
Juniper oil	To reduce the volatility and maintain antibacterial activity.	Juniper oil solid lipid microparticles substantially maintain the oil loaded inside their lipidic structure, reducing its volatility and retaining its antibacterial activity.	[88]