Research Article
Characterizing the Effects of Intermittent Faults on a Processor for Dependability Enhancement Strategy
Table 5
Sensitivity breakup per unit for EXU workload ((a) for NET and (b) for REG).
(a) For NET (%) |
| Units | Module | Transient faults | Intermittent faults | Permanent faults | B2_ | B2_ | B2_ | B4_ | B4_ | B4_ | B8_ | B8_ | B8_ | 0.01–0.1 | 0.1–1 | 1–10 | 0.01–0.1 | 0.1–1 | 1–10 | 0.01–0.1 | 0.1–1 | 1–10 |
| PKU | PKU_PCK | 0.0 | 0.8 | 4.4 | 8.0 | 2.4 | 5.6 | 8.8 | 3.2 | 7.6 | 8.8 | 8.0 | PKU_PKD | 3.1 | 3.4 | 24.9 | 41.1 | 6.9 | 25.4 | 47.7 | 12.3 | 33.4 | 56.3 | 53.7 | PKU_SWL | 1.2 | 1.6 | 12.1 | 19.4 | 3.6 | 15.4 | 23.9 | 4.0 | 18.2 | 22.7 | 23.5 |
| AGEN | IFU_AGD | 1.7 | 1.3 | 4.6 | 14.3 | 0.8 | 8.9 | 17.3 | 4.2 | 11.4 | 23.2 | 23.2 | IFU_AGC | 0.5 | 2.3 | 9.6 | 16.9 | 4.6 | 14.2 | 20.5 | 7.3 | 13.7 | 24.2 | 25.2 |
| Decoder | DEC_DED | 0.4 | 1.2 | 4.9 | 16.2 | 1.6 | 4.5 | 20.2 | 2.0 | 9.7 | 25.9 | 27.1 | DEC_DCD | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 5.7 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 6.6 | DEC_DEL | 2.2 | 1.3 | 11.3 | 20.3 | 6.1 | 15.6 | 23.8 | 7.4 | 17.3 | 26.0 | 22.9 |
| ALU | EXU_ECT | 1.7 | 1.3 | 5.9 | 13.5 | 3.0 | 8.4 | 17.3 | 3.8 | 9.3 | 24.6 | 27.8 | EXU_EDP | 0.4 | 1.3 | 3.1 | 11.4 | 1.3 | 5.7 | 21.9 | 2.2 | 9.2 | 26.3 | 50.0 |
| IRF | EXU_IRF | 1.7 | 2.1 | 5.2 | 20.2 | 3.0 | 7.7 | 27.9 | 4.3 | 13.7 | 33.5 | 33.7 | EXU_RML | 0.5 | 0.0 | 8.3 | 12.8 | 3.7 | 10.6 | 14.7 | 3.7 | 11.9 | 16.1 | 52.6 | EXU_ECC | 0.4 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 5.9 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 8.8 | 0.4 | 4.2 | 12.2 | 13.8 |
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(b) For REG (%) |
| Units | Module | Transient faults | Intermittent faults | Permanent faults | B2_ | B2_ | B2_ | B4_ | B4_ | B4_ | B8_ | B8_ | B8_ | 0.01–0.1 | 0.1–1 | 1–10 | 0.01–0.1 | 0.1–1 | 1–10 | 0.01–0.1 | 0.1–1 | 1–10 |
| PKU | PKU_PCK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PKU_PKD | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PKU_SWL | 11 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 18 |
| AGEN | IFU_AGD | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 10.6 | 2.7 | 8.0 | 11.5 | 11.5 | IFU_AGC | 2.3 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 6.9 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 9.2 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 9.9 | 8.4 |
| Decoder | DEC_DED | 3.9 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 15.5 | 1.9 | 5.8 | 16.5 | 1.0 | 10.7 | 18.4 | 18.4 | DEC_DCD | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | DEC_DEL | 4.2 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 6.7 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 10.9 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 10.9 | 9.2 |
| ALU | EXU_ECT | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 12.4 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 14.2 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 18.6 | 20.4 | EXU_EDP | 5.7 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 14.8 | 1.6 | 9.8 | 24.6 | 5.7 | 11.5 | 30.3 | 27.0 |
| IRF | EXU_IRF | 6.0 | 4.3 | 9.4 | 23.1 | 3.4 | 9.4 | 36.8 | 6.0 | 16.2 | 37.6 | 39.3 | EXU_RML | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 13.6 | 10.6 | 12.1 | 20.5 | 9.8 | 14.4 | 21.2 | 11.4 | EXU_ECC | 3.6 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 8.0 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 9.8 | 3.6 |
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