Effects of Outlets on Cracking Risk and Integral Stability of Super-High Arch Dams

Figure 9

The first/third principle stress distribution of bottom outlets under analysis case A.

(a) The first principle stress distribution at upstream surface of bottom outlet

(b) The third principle stress distribution at upstream surface of bottom outlet

(c) The first principle stress distribution at downstream surface of bottom outlet

(d) The third principle stress distribution at downstream surface of bottom outlet