Heterogeneous Differential Evolution for Numerical Optimization

Table 2

Comparison of HDE with basic DE schemes on classical benchmark problems.

Problem	DE/rand/1/bin	DE/best/1/bin	DE/BoR/1/bin	sHDE	dHDE
	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean
𝑓1	0.00𝐸+00	4.38𝐸−27	2.37𝐸−46	6.58𝐸−79	0.00𝐸+00
𝑓2	0.00𝐸+00	2.64𝐸−13	3.02𝐸−22	3.32𝐸−39	4.96𝐸−103
𝑓3	2.68𝐸−125	2.41𝐸−04	1.51𝐸−11	3.10𝐸−21	7.21𝐸−57
𝑓4	5.34𝐸−64	1.77𝐸−07	1.89𝐸−11	1.42𝐸−07	2.49𝐸−40
𝑓5	5.75𝐸−29	2.91𝐸−04	1.45𝐸−16	1.11𝐸−29	1.73𝐸−29
𝑓6	0.00𝐸+00	0.00𝐸+00	0.00𝐸+00	0.00𝐸+00	0.00𝐸+00
𝑓7	1.38𝐸−03	2.50𝐸−03	1.52𝐸−03	8.31𝐸−04	1.84𝐸−03
𝑓8	3.36𝐸+03	1.68𝐸+03	2.78𝐸+03	0.00𝐸+00	8.56𝐸+02
𝑓9	4.38𝐸+01	1.32𝐸+02	2.62𝐸+01	5.22𝐸+01	0.00𝐸+00
𝑓10	2.81𝐸+00	2.55𝐸−14	4.14𝐸−15	4.14𝐸−15	4.14𝐸−15
𝑓11	2.95𝐸−02	0.00𝐸+00	0.00𝐸+00	0.00𝐸+00	0.00𝐸+00
𝑓12	9.96𝐸−01	5.00𝐸−28	1.88𝐸−32	1.88𝐸−32	1.88𝐸−32