Heterogeneous Differential Evolution for Numerical Optimization

Table 6

Comparison of HDE with ODE and MDE on shifted large-scale benchmark problems.

Problem	ODE	MDE	sHDE	dHDE
	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean
𝐹1	8.02𝐸+01	1.95𝐸+01	8.45𝐸+00	1.14𝐸−10
𝐹2	5.78𝐸+00	2.70𝐸+01	8.54𝐸+01	1.01𝐸+02
𝐹3	1.54𝐸+05	4.67𝐸+05	1.52𝐸+05	1.29𝐸+03
𝐹4	4.22𝐸+03	4.14𝐸+03	5.27𝐸+03	3.42𝐸+03
𝐹5	1.77𝐸+00	1.52𝐸+00	6.94𝐸−01	1.83𝐸−01
𝐹6	4.51𝐸+00	4.02𝐸+00	1.26𝐸+00	1.58𝐸+01