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| SM | SCM scope | Decision level | Problem type and description | Modeling approach | Decision variables | Objective functions | Monetary value | Customer service initiative | Assumptions and constraints | Issues |
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| [37] | Management-Distribution (drugs—outpatient clinics) | Planning | Optimization Manage fair and equitable scare drug distribution for outpatient clinics | Deterministic (multiobjective) Allocation heuristic solution | Dollar value of drug k received by clinic; 0-1 variable represents whether the clinic obtained any allocation of drug k | Minimize left over budget; minimize differences between allocation ratios and orders | Asset utilization | Product availability | Clinic constraints (clinics do not exceed their allocated budget); pharmaceutical firm constraints (dollar value of total disbursement does not exceed the limits in the settlement agreement); allocation constraints (dollar value of allocated drug to a clinic is ≤ the ordered amount; and meet at least the minimum order quantity by each clinic for each drug) | Complexity; scalability; generalization |
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| [31] | Management Inventory management (drugs—Inpatient pharmacy) | Planning | Optimization Determine the optimal inventory policy for pharmaceutical drugs | Stochastic (Markov decision process) | Inventory level; expected patients’ demands; volume (drug order quantities) | Minimize wastage and holding cost; maximize timely access | Cost behavior | Product availability and response time | No back-logging of demand; demands to be fulfilled at the same day even if it involves procuring the drug from different hospital; | Tie patient type to demand variability; drug availability from other facilities |
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| [38] | Management Inventory management (all products—hospital) | Strategic and planning | Optimization Determine the optimal stock levels of overall products in hospitals | Stochastic (constraint programming) | Service level; frequency of delivery; stock-up amount | Maximize the minimum service level; maximize the average service level | Asset utilization | Product availability | Products supplied in regular (normally distributed) manner; Inventory constraint (relationship between decision variables is kept consistent); space constraint; criticality constraint (users can impose constraints to fix a product to highest level: 99%) | Demand in hospitals usually exhibits highly dynamic and uncertain pattern |
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| [39] | Design logistic process (flow of sterile instruments from CSSD to OT) | Strategic and planning | Optimization Redesign SCM process to optimize the work process for sterilization logistics | Hybrid (dynamic programming) | Capacity; frequency of delivery; the extent of outsourcing | Minimize the total cost (transportation; OT storage; instrument usage cost) | Cost behavior | Product availability and response time | Outsourcing CSSD; the sterile net can be used only once per day; demand satisfaction | Counterbalance the increase in transportation cost; increase OT storage capacity to handle weekly nets supplies |
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| [10] | Design logistic process (overall SCM) | Strategic and planning and operational | Optimization Re-design the configuration of the hospital SCM; assuring efficient process and sufficient inventory level | Stochastic (graph theory); Heuristic approaches: Tabu Search (TS); and Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) | Volume (inventory quantities at each node) | Minimize total cost of inventory (acquisition transportation; administrative; inventory carrying) | Asset utilization and cost behavior | Product availability and response time | Administrative cost is fixed; storage constraints are constant through the planning process; demand satisfaction; aggregating all items; producers supply capacity affect all potential buyers; flow persistence between SC members | Expensive computing; sudden increase in demands |
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| [27] | Design logistic process (overall SCM) | Strategic and planning and operational | Optimization Re-design the configuration of hospital SCM assuring sufficient inventory level and manpower resources | Stochastic (optimal control theory); Heuristic approaches: Tabu Search (TS); and Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) | Service sequence (suppliers deliver at period t; CU is visited at period t); manpower time. | Minimize total cost of inventory and human resources cost | Asset utilization and cost behavior | Product availability and response time | Time-restrictions on manpower to accomplish tasks; direct deliveries; products replenished for only suppliers’ who visit the hospital; products replenished at only visited units; storage capacity; demand satisfaction | Expensive computing; details of supply work schedules; failed to provide tight schedule as optimal solution |
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