Allocation of Secondary Metabolites, Photosynthetic Capacity, and Antioxidant Activity of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth) in Response to CO₂ and Light Intensity

Table 3

Interaction effects of CO₂ levels and irradiance on leaf total phenolics and total flavonoids production in Labisia pumila.

CO2 levels (μmol/mol)	Irradiances (μmol/m^2/s)	Soluble sugar; (mg sucrose/g dry weight)	Anthocyanin; (mg petunidin/g dry weight)	Ascorbic acid; (mg/g dry weight)
400	225	32.110 ± 2.110^c	0.860 ± 0.211^b	0.064 ± 0.001^c
	500	26.220 ± 0.340^f	0.701 ± 0.011^c	0.050 ± 0.003^e
	675	23.100 ± 0.231^i	0.610 ± 0.231^e	0.041 ± 0.004^g
	900	18.341 ± 1.241^l	0.371 ± 0.05^h	0.024 ± 0.003^j
800	225	35.210 ± 2.152^b	0.881 ± 0.041^a	0.065 ± 0.002^b
	500	28.910 ± 0.452^e	0.750 ± 0.012^b	0.053 ± 0.006^d
	675	24.271 ± 2.441^h	0.640 ± 0.060^d	0.043 ± 0.001^f
	900	19.722 ± 3.212^k	0.400 ± 0.073^g	0.030 ± 0.003^i
1200	225	40.712 ± 2.561^a	0.920 ± 0.020^a	0.071 ± 0.002^a
	500	30.721 ± 2.110^d	0.790 ± 0.012^b	0.059 ± 0.001^d
	675	26.110 ± 0.450^g	0.671 ± 0.053^d	0.047 ± 0.004^f
	900	21.211 ± 3.212^j	0.480 ± 0.031^f	0.036 ± 0.003^h

All results are expressed as means ± standard error of mean (SEM). 𝑁=21. Means not sharing a common letter within a column were significantly different at 𝑃≤0.05.