Towards a Low-Cost Mobile Subcutaneous Vein Detection Solution Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Table 2

Summary of Clinical Benefits of NIR spectroscopy employment.

First author, year	Benefit to technology	Group with no significant findings	Subgroup with significant findings	Benefits seen
				First attempt success	Mean number of attempts	Time of procedure	Less Pain	Overall success	Nurses felt the device was helpful in difficult patients
Hess [70] (2010)	Benefit	N/A	All patients young	X	X	X
Strehle [1] (2010)	N/A	Used only to identify veins
Cuper et al. [71] (2011)	Benefit	N/A	All patients young	X		X
Chapman et al. [72] (2011)	Benefit	All patients	0–2 years			X	X
Perry et al. [73] (2011)	No benefit	All patients	None						X
Cuper et al. [74] (2012)	No benefit	All patients	None
Kaddoum et al. [68] (2012)	No benefit	All patients	None
Kim et al. [75] (2012)	Benefit	All patients	Difficult vein DIVA score >4	X
Peterson et al. [76] (2012)	No benefit	All patients	No subgroup analyses
Phipps et al. [66] (2012)	Benefit	All patients very young	Groups matched for gestational age					X
Cuper et al. [77] (2013)	No Benefit	All patients	No improvement with subgroup analysis
de Graaff et al. [3] (2013)	No Benefit	All patients	No improvement with subgroup analysis
Sun et al. [78] 2013	Benefit	All patients	No subgroup analyses		X	X
van der Woude et al. [79] (2013)	No Benefit	All patients	Children considered to have “difficult” veins	X

Benefit to technology is listed as in Table 1. Overall analyses are described in Group with no significant findings. Results of subgroup analyses are presented in Subgroup with significant findings. Benefits Seen describes the benefits measured in the study. N/A signifies no analysis performed.