|
| Author/Centre | Blackmore et al., 2004. Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark [24] |
| Application | Automatic steered tractor capable of following a predefined route plan |
| Sensorial System | RTK GPS: Localization. |
| Results | The automatic steered tractor can follow a predetermined route within a few centimeters |
|
| Author/Centre | Cho and Lee, 2000. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea [55] |
| Application | Autonomous operation of a speedsprayer in an orchard (a speedsprayer is defined as a power sprayer used
to apply a highly concentrated pesticide in highly dispersed form by delivering it into a strong air blast generated
by fans or blowers—Merriam-Webster Dictionary) |
| Sensorial System | DGPS for Localization; ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection |
| Results | Speedsprayer autonomous operation: within 50-cm deviation. The speedsprayer could avoid trees
or obstacles in emergency situations |
|
| Author/Centre | Hague et al., 2000. Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, UK [56] |
| Application | Ground-based sensing methods for vehicle-position fixing |
| Sensorial System | Sensor package: machine vision, odometers, accelerometers, and a compass |
| Results | Reducing the low noise level of the odometric data and eliminating drift using sensor fusion |
|
| Author/Centre | Subramanian et al., 2006. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, USA [57] |
| Application | Autonomous guidance system for use in a citrus grove |
| Sensorial System | Machine vision and laser radar (LADAR) |
| Results | Machine vision guidance: average error of 2.8 cm. LADAR guidance: average error of 2.5 cm
(Tested in a curved path at a speed of 3.1 m/s) |
|
| Author/Centre | Xue et al., 2012. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, USA [58] |
| Application | Variable field-of-view machine vision method for agricultural robot navigation between rows in cornfields |
| Sensorial System | Machine vision with pitch and yaw motion control |
| Results | Maximum guidance error of 15.8 mm and stable navigational behavior |
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