The Interaction of Bacteria with Engineered Nanostructured Polymeric Materials: A Review

Figure 2

Phase one of bacterial adhesion consists in the initial attraction of the cells to the surface through the effects of physical forces. These physical interactions are further classified as long-range interactions (nonspecific, distances >50 nm between cells and surfaces) and short-range interactions (distances <5 nm, with involvement of hydrogen bonding, ionic and dipole interactions, and hydrophobic interactions).