Toluene Removal from Sandy Soils via In Situ Technologies with an Emphasis on Factors Influencing Soil Vapor Extraction

Table 2

In situ remediation tests in literature.

Soil texture	Air flow rate	Type of technology	Initial concentration; (mg/g of soil)	Remediation time; (day)	Efficiency; (%)	Reference(s)
Sand	40 cm^3/cm^2·h	AIBV	4 mg/g	11	99	Malina et al. [17]
Sand	40 cm^3/cm^2·h	SVE	4 mg/g	24	99	Malina et al. [17]
Qurtz sand	10 mL/min	BV	0.812 mg/g	23.3	30	Sui et al. [29]
Natural soil	—	BV	2 mg/g	5	91	Magalhães et al. [14]
			14 mg/g	5	82
Natural soil	0.13 L/min	AIBV	2 mg/g	5	99	Magalhães et al. [14]
			14 mg/g	5	99
Sand	—	BV	2 mg/g	4	81	This study
Sand	0.25 L/min	SVE	2 mg/g	4	97	This study
Sand	0.25 L/min	AIBV	2 mg/g	4	>99.5	This study

—: Without air injection.