The Effect of Local Injections of Bupivacaine Plus Ketamine, Bupivacaine Alone, and Placebo on Reducing Postoperative Anal Fistula Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Figure 1

Level of pain at different times after surgery for separate groups. ANOVA test was used to compare groups. There was a significant difference in pain intensity between groups. Level of pain significantly increased and then decreased. There was an insignificant difference in pain intensity between groups 2 and 3. However, there was a significant difference between groups 2 and 3 and 1 and 4 (). Group 1 (3 mL of normal saline), group 2 (1 mL of normal saline plus 2 mL of bupivacaine 0.5%), group 3 (1 mL of ketamine plus 2 mL of bupivacaine 0.5%), and group 4 (no infiltration).