Many Local Pattern Texture Features: Which Is Better for Image-Based Multilabel Human Protein Subcellular Localization Classification?

Figure 3

Example to obtain the tetra and magnitude patterns. For generating tetra pattern, the bit is coded with the direction of neighbor when the direction of the center pixel and its neighbor are different, otherwise “0,” which are represented in red rounded rectangle. Then convert the tetra patterns for each direction to three binary patterns, that is, “Pattern 1” to “Pattern 3” in bottom purple rounded rectangle. For generating the magnitude pattern, which is defined in (11), the bit is coded with “1” when the magnitude of the center pixel is less than its neighbor, otherwise “0,” and the binary magnitude coding is given in bottom purple rounded rectangle.