Research Article

A Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Multimodal Optimization

Table 1

Performance comparison among multimodal optimization algorithms for the test functions . For all the parameters, numbers in parentheses are the standard deviations.

FunctionAlgorithmEPNMPRPADANFE

CDE3 (0)0.9996 (0.0004)0.0995 (0.1343)0.0305 (0.0169)27432 (1432)
SDE2.96 (0.18)0.9863 (0.0523)1.3053 (0.8843)0.1343 (0.0483)31435 (2342)
CP2.93 (0.25)0.9725 (0.0894)1.3776 (1.0120)0.1432 (0.0445)34267 (4345)
AEGA3 (0)0.9932 (0.0054)0.0991 (0.2133)0.1031 (0.0065)30323 (2316)
CSA2.91 (0.20)0.9127 (0.0587)1.4211 (1.0624)0.2188 (0.0072)25050 (0)
AiNet2.94 (0.20)0.9002 (0.0901)1.3839 (1.0214)0.1760 (0.0067)25050 (0)
MCS3 (0)1 (0)0.0005 (0.0001)0.0007 (0.0002)25433 (54)

CDE12 (0)1 (0)0.0015 (0.0010)0.2993 (0.0804)26321 (1934)
SDE12 (0)1 (0)0.0018 (0.0006)0.3883 (0.0657)32563 (1453)
CP12 (0)1 (0)0.0009 (0.0003)0.2694 (0.0506)30324 (3521)
AEGA12 (0)0.9987 (0.0011)0.0988 (0.0097)0.3225 (0.0058)29954 (1987)
CSA11.92 (0.41)0.9011 (0.0091)0.1055 (0.0121)0.4257 (0.0096)25050 (0)
AiNet11.96 (0.30)0.9256 (0.0074)0.0996 (0.0105)0.3239 (0.0081)25050 (0)
MCS12 (0)1 (0)0.0001 (0.0001)0.0073 (0.0002)25188 (42)

CDE23.03 (1.77)0.8780 (0.0956)180.47 (265.54)9.3611 (6.4667)28654 (2050)
SDE20.06 (2.59)0.6980 (0.1552)155.52 (184.59)14.892 (7.5935)31432 (1017)
CP21.03 (1.90)0.7586 (0.1125)192.32 (146.21)11.195 (3.1490)32843 (2070)
AEGA20.45 (1.21)0.7128 (0.1493)134.47 (157.37)16.176 (8.0751)30965 (2154)
CSA18.02 (2.41)0.5875 (0.1641)185.64 (104.24)21.057 (10.105)25050 (0)
AiNet19.24 (2.01)0.6123 (0.1247)179.35 (164.37)18.180 (9.1112)25050 (0)
MCS24.66 (1.01)0.9634 (0.0397)2.9408 (4.3888)15.521 (8.0834)25211 (37)

CDE3.46 (1.00)0.4929 (0.1419)395.46 (305.01)210.940 (72.99)29473 (3021)
SDE3.73 (0.86)0.5301 (0.1268)544.48 (124.11)206.65 (160.84)33421 (1342)
CP3.26 (0.63)0.4622 (0.0869)192.32 (146.21)199.41 (68.434)29342 (1543)
AEGA3.51 (0.52)0.5031 (0.0754)188.23 (101.54)187.21 (33.211)32756 (1759)
CSA3.12 (0.11)0.4187 (0.0464)257.54 (157.18)278.14 (47.120)25050 (0)
AiNet3.20 (0.47)0.5164 (0.0357)197.24 (86.21)178.23 (29.191)25050 (0)
MCS6.26 (0.82)0.8919 (0.1214)41.864 (16.63)39.938 (12.962)25361 (81)

CDE22.96 (2.25)0.4953 (0.0496)0.2348 (0.0269)17.83 (7.1214)28543 (1345)
SDE31.40 (2.35)0.6775 (0.0503)0.7005 (0.0849)3.9430 (0.9270)30543 (1576)
CP21.33 (2.00)0.4599 (0.0436)1.3189 (0.5179)10.766 (1.9245)28743 (2001)
AEGA30.11 (2.01)0.6557 (0.0127)0.8674 (0.0296)2.870 (1.6781)29765 (1911)
CSA24.79 (3.14)0.5107 (0.0308)0.2121 (0.0187)8.7451 (3.470)25050 (0)
AiNet26.57 (2.35)0.5005 (0.0471)0.2087 (0.0324)6.472 (2.4187)25050 (0)
MCS33.03 (2.07)0.8535 (0.0251)0.1617 (0.0283)4.6012 (1.4206)25159 (49)

CDE6 (0)0.9786 (0.0157) 0.1280 (0.0942)0.1231 (0.0182)30234 (2410)
SDE5.86 (0.43)0.9185 (0.0685)0.3842 (0.1049)0.1701 (0.0222)31453 (1154)
CP6 (0)0.9423 (0.0123)0.3460 (0.0741)0.1633 (0.0149)30231 (832)
AEGA5.11 (0.64)0.8945 (0.0387)0.4004 (0.0879)0.1224 (0.0101)31932 (943)
CSA4.97 (0.24)0.8174 (0.0631)0.4797 (0.0257)0.1295 (0.0054)25050 (0)
AiNet5.23 (1)0.9012 (0.0197)0.3974 (0.0702)0.1197 (0.0054)25050 (0)
MCS6 (0)0.9993 (0.0002)0.0037 (0.0014)0.0006 (0.0002)25463 (37)

CDE30.36 (2.77)0.6200 (0.0566)2.2053 (1.8321)330.51 (47.531)33423 (1021)
SDE35.06 (5.15)0.7162 (0.1051)1.9537 (0.9290)243.39 (140.04)32832 (995)
CP35.06 (3.98)0.7164 (0.0812)2.4810 (1.4355)250.11 (78.194)31923 (834)
AEGA32.51 (2.59)0.7004 (0.0692)2.0751 (0.9561)278.78 (46.225)33821 (1032)
CSA31.78 (1.14)0.6764 (0.4100)1.9408 (0.9471)347.21 (38.147)25050 (0)
AiNet34.42 (1.80)0.7237 (0.0257)1.8632 (0.0754)261.27 (61.217)25050 (0)
MCS38.86 (1.54)0.8014 (0.0313)0.2290 (0.0166)49.53 (7.1533)25643 (97)