Effects of Land Use Change and Seasonality of Precipitation on Soil Nitrogen in a Dry Tropical Forest Area in the Western Llanos of Venezuela

Table 1

Soil properties in the study sites (according to González-Pedraza and Dezzeo [24, 25]).

Component	Depth (cm)	Forest	YP	OP
Bulk density (g cm^−3)	0–5	1.2 ± 0.0^a	1.1 ± 0.1^a	1.1 ± 0.0^a
%Humidity	0–5	31.4 ± 1.0^a	37.9 ± 1.7^b	33.9 ± 0.9^ab
%Sand	0–5	19.8 ± 1.7^a	12.5 ± 2.3^b	22.3 ± 1.6ª
%Silt	0–5	49.7 ± 1.8^a	44.8 ± 1.8^a	47.1 ± 1.3^a
%Clay	0–5	30.5 ± 2.8^a	42.7 ± 3.1^b	30.6 ± 1.9^a
pH H2O	0–5	5.4 ± 0.1^a	5.0 ± 0.14^ab	4.8 ± 0.1^b
SOC (g C m^−2)	0–5	1389.9 ± 251.9^a	1472.7 ± 400.2^a	1516.7 ± 249.9^a

Mean values ± standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between sites (). YP: 5-year-old pasture; OP: 18-year-old pasture; SOC: soil organic carbon.