An Optimal Hierarchical Decision Model for a Regional Logistics Network with Environmental Impact Consideration

Table 1

Contributions to logistics network design problems.

Modeling approach	Objective			Scale economy	Citation
	Total cost	Total time	Environmental cost
Hub-Spoke location models	√			√	O'Kelly [8]; Lin and Chen [9]
	√	√			Sender and Clausen [10]; Alumur et al. [11]
Network equilibrium models	√	√			Ham et al. [12]; Yamada et al. [13]; Harker and Friesz [14]; Powell and Sheffi [15]; Crainic et al. [16]
	√	√			Crainic and Rousseau [17]; Crainic [18]; Yamada et al. [19]; Li et al. [20]
	√	√	√		Bauer et al. [21]
	√	√	√	√	This paper