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| Diffuse | A lesion involving most (≥50%) glomeruli |
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| Focal | A lesion involving <50% of glomeruli |
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| Global | A lesion involving more than half of the glomerular tuft |
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| Segmental | A lesion involving less than half of the glomerular tuft (i.e., at least half of the glomerular tuft is spared) |
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| Mesangial hypercellularity | At least three mesangial cells per mesangial region in a 3-micron thick section |
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| Endocapillary proliferation | Endocapillary hypercellularity due to increased number of mesangial cells, endothelial cells, and infiltrating monocytes, causing narrowing of the glomerular capillary lumina |
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Extracapillary proliferation
or cellular crescent | Extracapillary cell proliferation of more than two cell layers occupying one-fourth or more of the glomerular capsular circumference |
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| Karyorrhexis | Presence of apoptotic, pyknotic, and fragmented nuclei |
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| Necrosis | A lesion characterized by fragmentation of nuclei or disruption of the glomerular basement membrane, often associated with the presence of fibrin-rich material |
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| Hyaline thrombi | Intracapillary eosinophilic material of a homogeneous consistency which by immunofluorescence has been shown to consist of immune deposits |
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| Proportion of involved glomeruli | Intended to indicate the percentage of total glomeruli affected by lupus nephritis, including the glomeruli that are sclerosed due to lupus nephritis but excluding ischemic glomeruli with inadequate perfusion due to vascular pathology separate from lupus nephritis |
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