Evaluation of the Pseudostatic Analyses of Earth Dams Using FE Simulation and Observed Earthquake-Induced Deformations: Case Studies of Upper San Fernando and Kitayama Dams

Table 2

Soil properties of the Upper San Fernando dam.

Layer number	𝛾dry  (kN/m^3)	𝛾wet  (kN/m^3)	E  (MN/m^2)	𝑉𝑆  (m/s)	c  (kN/m^2)	φ  (degree)	𝜈	K  (m/day)
1	20.6	22	376.6	252	5.124	28	0.4	0.06
2	18	19.2	198	200	2	37	0.35	0.06
3	17.9	19.2	197	200	2	37	0.35	0.06
4	18	19.2	340	262	2	37	0.35	0.06
5	17.9	19.2	338	262	2	37	0.35	0.06
6	18	19.2	544	330	2	37	0.35	0.06
7	17.9	19.2	570	340	2	37	0.35	0.06
8	19	20.3	539	315	2	37	0.4	0.06
9	19	20.3	1640	550	2	37	0.4	0.04