A Novel Modulation Classification Approach Using Gabor Filter Network

Table 3

Updated Gabor filter atom parameters and weights for QAM 2–64.

Shift parameter (𝑐)
QAM2	QAM4	QAM8	QAM16	QAM32	QAM64
5.54	5.07	5.77	5.65	4.81	5.27
5.77	5.90	4.25	4.45	4.18	4.29
4.69	4.24	4.33	5.20	4.56	5.56
4.63	4.72	4.83	4.17	4.67	4.56
5.02	4.29	5.00	4.08	5.13	4.59
5.03	5.18	5.68	5.89	5.23	4.79
5.16	5.09	5.89	4.91	5.79	4.63
4.61	4.67	5.52	5.91	4.35	4.47
4.48	4.59	5.13	5.62	5.61	4.47
5.43	5.14	5.13	4.94	4.15	4.75
Scale parameter (𝜎)
QAM2	QAM4	QAM8	QAM16	QAM32	QAM64
15.63	16.25	10.25	16.76	1.67	2.45
16.03	8.57	8.17	5.18	13.53	16.21
14.87	14.08	2.55	18.87	6.78	5.33
1.92	18.27	12.31	6.63	13.33	4.66
6.44	3.16	11.89	18.48	9.38	5.94
13.32	3.17	4.80	6.85	11.90	2.50
11.49	12.94	12.83	15.33	7.44	15.29
14.39	3.33	7.33	7.58	6.03	5.21
19.04	14.23	7.39	5.13	18.00	12.81
8.67	2.94	8.48	1.05	12.56	2.59
Modulation parameter (𝑓)
QAM2	QAM4	QAM8	QAM16	QAM32	QAM64
2.35	−0.05	0.80	3.14	−0.53	1.82
−2.72	−0.56	−0.37	−0.53	2.90	−3.02
1.91	2.52	−1.90	0.95	−1.33	−2.24
−1.02	0.10	−1.55	1.46	2.47	0.38
1.73	1.08	1.83	1.51	−0.75	−1.89
−2.75	−1.83	−2.57	−1.42	2.66	1.10
0.47	0.20	−2.79	−2.21	0.54	−1.57
0.32	0.11	−0.93	−1.56	−0.94	−0.55
1.88	0.33	−2.59	0.31	−1.28	0.68
−0.76	−2.27	0.07	2.83	−1.01	−1.70
Weights (𝑤)
QAM2	QAM4	QAM8	QAM16	QAM32	QAM64
−0.031	−0.504	1.009	−1.428	−1.095	0.339
−0.021	−0.446	−0.796	−1.339	−0.559	−0.835
−0.043	−0.187	−0.285	−0.725	0.304	0.442
0.194	0.794	0.299	−1.122	1.359	−0.558
0.354	1.061	0.664	−0.476	−1.109	0.506
0.250	−0.591	−0.306	0.044	−1.357	−0.234
0.097	−0.622	−0.380	1.193	0.290	0.022
0.007	0.247	−0.769	−0.316	0.624	−0.177
0.245	0.467	−0.608	0.984	−0.334	0.694
0.046	−0.117	0.536	0.552	−0.294	0.423