Family Support and Loneliness among Older Persons in Multiethnic Malaysia

Table 4

Results of ordinal logistic regression on higher levels of loneliness ().

Attributes	OR	95% CI
Age group (ref: 60s)
70s	0.99	(0.79–1.24)
80s+	1.70	(1.14–2.54)
Male	0.95	(0.75–1.20)
Ethnicity (ref: Malay)
Indigenous	1.25	(0.90–1.73)
Chinese	0.36	(0.28–0.46)
Indian	0.52	(0.34–0.77)
Married	0.51	(0.41–0.64)
Urban	0.81	(0.65–1.00)
Edu level (ref: no schooling)
Primary level	0.83	(0.67–1.04)
Secondary^+	0.81	(0.57–1.17)
Still working	0.99	(0.78–1.27)
Income sources (ref: none)
1-2 sources	0.71	(0.56–0.89)
3+ sources	0.57	(0.43–0.77)
Illnesses (ref: none)
1 illness	1.47	(1.15–1.87)
2+ illnesses	1.65	(1.30–2.10)
Physical limitations (ref: none)
1-2 limitations	1.16	(0.90–1.49)
3+ limitations	1.13	(0.84–1.52)
Monetary	0.79	(0.64–0.98)
Payment of bills	0.99	(0.78–1.25)
Food/necessities	0.85	(0.66–1.11)
Housework	0.95	(0.74–1.21)
Coresidence	0.67	(0.53–0.84)
Religious activities	0.77	(0.62–0.96)
Leisure activities	1.00	(0.81–1.24)
Chi-square^a	33.010
value^a	0.104
df^a	24

Note: odds ratio in bold indicates significance at 0.05.
^aTest of parallel lines.