Back Analysis of Geomechanical Parameters in Underground Engineering Using Artificial Bee Colony

Table 2

Identified parameters using ABC-based back analysis.

	𝐸 (Mpa)	𝑐 (Mpa)	𝜑 (°)
ABC-based back analysis	6893.04951	3.5065	29.99284
Actual value	7000.0000	3.4500	30.0000
Relative error (%)	1.5279	−1.6377	0.0239