Four Different Methods Comparison for Extraction of Astaxanthin from Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis

Table 1

¹H-NMR spectral peak assignment*.

Signal	Chemical shift (ppm)	Functional group
1	0.82–0.94	–CH3 (terminal methyl protons (saturated, oleic and linoleic))
2	0.94–1.03^a	–CH3 (terminal methyl protons (linolenic))
3	1.20–1.43	–(CH2)n–(methylene protons (saturated))
4	1.55–1.69	–OCO–CH2–CH2–(_–methylene protons (carbonyl))
5	1.93–2.13	–CH2–CH CH–(allyl methylene protons)
6	2.25–2.36	–OCO–CH2–(_–methylene protons)
7	2.73–2.87	HC–CH2–CH (divinyl methylene protons)
8	4.10–4.35	–CH2OCOR (methylene protons (glyceryl))
9	5.23–5.29	CHOCOR (proton on carbon atom 2 of glyceryl group)
10	5.29–5.43	–CH CH–(olefinic protons)

∗Chemical shift ranges shown were adapted from published data [9] and these values were used as integration limits for measurement of peak areas.
^aThis chemical shift range was changed to 0.94–0.99 ppm in all subsequent peak integration measurements to exclude signal contribution from unassigned peak at 1.01 ppm.