A Particle Swarm Optimization Variant with an Inner Variable Learning Strategy

Figure 1

Evolutionary process of a particle and the global best solution with regard to each test function.

(a) Sphere function

(b) Rastrigin function

(c) Rosenbrock function

(d) Griewank function

(e) Schwefel 1.2 function

(f) Ackley function

(g) Scaled Rosenbrock 100 function

(h) Scaled Rastrigin 10 function

(i) Noise Schwefel 1.2 function

(j) Rotated Sphere function

(k) Rotated Schwefel 2.21 function

(l) Rotated Ellipse function

(m) Rotated Rosenbrock function

(n) Rotated Ackley function

(o) Rotated Griewank function

(p) Rotated Rastrigin function

(q) Noise Rotated Schwefel 1.2 function

(r) Noise Rotated Quadric function