Total Intravenous Anaesthesia with High-Dose Remifentanil Does Not Aggravate Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting and Pain, Compared with Low-Dose Remifentanil: A Double-Blind and Randomized Trial

Table 3

Postoperative pain assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

	L group	H group	𝑃
T3
VAS	24 ± 17	26 ± 14	0.37
PONV incidence	1	1	1.00
PONV scale	0.02 ± 0.13	0.06 ± 0.13	1.00
Analgesic	4	3	0.70
Antiemetic	0	0	1.00
Rhodes index	—	—	—
T4
VAS	31 ± 12	34 ± 10	0.06
PONV incidence	8	7	0.90
PONV scale	0.13 ± 0.34	0.13 ± 0.38	0.90
Analgesic	5	5	1.00
Antiemetic	0	0	1.00
Rhodes index	—	—	—
T5
VAS	24 ± 12	22 ± 12	0.22
PONV incidence	9	10	0.88
PONV scale	0.22 ± 0.63	0.24 ± 0.62	0.88
Analgesic	2	0	0.15
Antiemetic	0	1	0.32
Rhodes index	1.11 ± 3.72	1.25 ± 3.86	0.88
T6
VAS	13 ± 9	10 ± 10	0.06
PONV incidence	7	4	0.64
PONV scale	0.18 ± 0.58	0.10 ± 0.43	0.64
Analgesic	0	0	1.00
Antiemetic	0	0	1.00
Rhodes index	0.64 ± 2.25	0.35 ± 1.74	0.63

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number of patients.
L group: propofol-low dose remifentanil group; H group: propofol-high dose remifentanil group; T3: on arrival at post-anesthetic care unit (PACU); T4: after 30 minutes on arrival at PACU; T5: at 6 hours after discharge from PACU; T6: at 24 hours after discharge from PACU; PONV scale: PONV assessed using a three-point ordinal scale (0 = none, 1 = nausea, 2 = retching, and 3 = vomiting).