Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a Tool for Wheat Yield Estimation: A Case Study from Faisalabad, Pakistan

Table 4

Effect of varying nitrogen levels and wheat cultivars on NDVI score at different growth stages.

Treatment

Tillering

Stem elongation

Booting

Anthesis

Grain filling

Maturity

2008-09

2009-10

2008-09

2009-10

2008-09

2009-10

2008-09

2009-10

2008-09

2009-10

2008-09

2009-10

Nitrogen levels (N)

0 kg ha^−1

0.31^c

0.34^d

0.53^c

0.51^b

0.53^d

0.51^c

0.73^c

0.64^c

0.82^c

0.72^b

0.49^c

0.34^d

55 kg ha^−1

0.37^b

0.37^c

0.58^bc

0.64^a

0.58^c

0.62^b

0.78^b

0.76^b

0.84^bc

0.81^a

0.52^c

0.40^c

110 kg ha^−1

0.41^ab

0.41^b

0.63^ab

0.64^a

0.62^b

0.72^a

0.80^ab

0.83^ab

0.85^ab

0.85^a

0.59^b

0.49^b

220 kg ha^−1

0.44^a

0.47^a

0.65^a

0.66^a

0.73^a

0.73^a

0.82^a

0.87^a

0.87^a

0.88^a

0.65^a

0.61^a

DMR (5%)

0.05

0.03

0.06

0.06

0.03

0.05

0.03

0.10

0.03

0.09

0.03

0.06

Significance

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

S𝑥

0.012

0.006

0.013

0.013

0.006

0.010

0.006

0.022

0.006

0.019

0.013

0.014

Varieties (V)

Faisalabad-2008

0.42^a

0.43^a

0.67^a–c

0.70^a

0.69^a

0.74^a

0.81^a

0.85^a

0.88^a

0.85^a

0.65^a

0.53^a

Lasani-2008

0.41^a

0.42^ab

0.64^bc

0.68^ab

0.66^ab

0.70^ab

0.81^ab

0.82^ab

0.86^ab

0.83^ab

0.61^ab

0.49^ab

Miraj-2008

0.39^ab

0.40^a–c

0.60^a–c

0.62^a–c

0.61^cd

0.66^bc

0.79^a–c

0.77^cd

0.86^ab

0.83^ab

0.58^bc

0.48^b–d

Sahar-2006

0.39^ab

0.41^a–c

0.61^bc

0.62^a–c

0.62^bc

0.71^ab

0.80^a–c

0.79^bc

0.86^e

0.83^ab

0.59^ab

0.48^a–c

Shafaq-2006

0.38^a–c

0.39^a–c

0.58^ab

0.60^a–c

0.59^cd

0.64^c

0.78^bc

0.74^d

0.84^a–c

0.81^a–c

0.54^b–d

0.44^b–e

GA-2002

0.33^c

0.35^d

0.54^d

0.53^c

0.57^d

0.55^e

0.74^d

0.74^d

0.81^b–e

0.78^c

0.49^d

0.40^e

Bakkhar-2001

0.35^c

0.38^cd

0.57^a–c

0.57^bc

0.59^cd

0.56^de

0.77^c

0.74^d

0.82^de

0.79^bc

0.51^cd

0.42^de

Inqlab-91

0.38^a–c

0.39^a–c

0.58^c

0.60^a–c

0.60^cd

0.62^c

0.78^a–c

0.75^d

0.84^b–d

0.82^a–c

0.56^b–d

0.47^b–d

Chakwal-50

0.39^ab

0.40^a–c

0.60^bc

0.61^a–c

0.58^cd

0.64^c

0.79^a–c

0.77^cd

0.85^c–e

0.82^a–c

0.57^bc

0.47^b–d

Chakwal-97

0.36^a–c

0.38^b–d

0.57^bc

0.59^bc

0.57^cd

0.61^cd

0.77^c

0.75^d

0.83^ab

0.80^bc

0.53^b–d

0.43^c–e

DMR (5%)

0.05

0.04

0.07

0.10

0.04

0.05

0.03

0.04

0.03

0.04

0.07

0.05

Significance

**

**

NS

*

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

**

S𝑥

0.016

0.013

0.022

0.032

0.012

0.016

0.009

0.013

0.009

0.013

0.020

0.016

Interaction (N × V)

NS

NS

NS

NS

**

NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

**

**

Mean

0.38

0.40

0.59

0.61

0.61

0.66

0.78

0.77

0.84

0.82

0.5625

0.459

Means not sharing any two letters differ significantly at (𝑃≤0.05); *significant at 5% level; **significant at 1% level; NS: nonsignificant.