Safety Identifying of Integral Abutment Bridges under Seismic and Thermal Loads

Table 2

Backfill Soil related statistics [14].

Variable	Bias	COV	Distribution type
Unit weight )	1.0	7%	Normal
Fraction angle )	1.0	13%	Normal
Rankine coefficient , )	1.5	20%	Normal
Cyclic effects,	1.0	15%	Normal