Improved Particle Swarm Optimization with a Collective Local Unimodal Search for Continuous Optimization Problems

Table 20

Wilcoxon signed rank test on mean fitness obtained by LDIW-PSO and 𝐿-PSO_CLUS for the test problems.

Measurement	Scaled problems			Nonscaled
	Dim = 10	Dim = 20	Dim = 30
𝐿-PSOCLUS < LDIW-PSO	12	12	13	3
𝐿-PSOCLUS > LDIW-PSO	1	1	0	0
𝐿-PSOCLUS = LDIW-PSO	1	1	1	4
𝑧	−2.988	−2.552	−3.181	−1.604
𝑃 value	0.003	0.011	0.001	0.190
𝑟	0.565	0.482	0.601	—
Median
LDIW-PSO	0.044	0.021	0.029	−1.000
𝐿-PSOCLUS	0.000	0.000	0.000	−1.000