User Localization in Complex Environments by Multimodal Combination of GPS, WiFi, RFID, and Pedometer Technologies

<table class="table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Technology</td><td align="center">Reliability <svg height="15.4" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.9375 15.4" width="14.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,11.013,15.187)"><path d="M244 607q0 -25 -15.5 -43t-37.5 -18q-19 0 -32 13t-13 35q0 21 15 41t39 20q20 0 32 -14t12 -34zM222 91q-29 -33 -79 -68t-75 -35q-13 0 -19 7.5t-6 31t10 65.5l62 253q5 26 -1 26q-21 0 -72 -43l-13 24q43 40 91 68t71 28q30 0 10 -78l-71 -274q-8 -30 3 -30
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</svg></td><td align="center">Time decay constant <svg height="16.450001" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.375 16.450001" width="13.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.45,16.25)"><path d="M244 607q0 -25 -15.5 -43t-37.5 -18q-19 0 -32 13t-13 35q0 21 15 41t39 20q20 0 32 -14t12 -34zM222 91q-29 -33 -79 -68t-75 -35q-13 0 -19 7.5t-6 31t10 65.5l62 253q5 26 -1 26q-21 0 -72 -43l-13 24q43 40 91 68t71 28q30 0 10 -78l-71 -274q-8 -30 3 -30
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</svg></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">WiFi</td><td align="center">16.2</td><td align="center">0.86</td></tr><tr><td align="left">GPS</td><td align="center">5.5</td><td align="center">0.81</td></tr><tr><td align="left">RFID</td><td align="center">31.7</td><td align="center">0.52</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Pedometer</td><td align="center">22.6</td><td align="center">0.62</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

The Scientific World Journal

tab3

Table 3

Table 3: User Localization in Complex Environments by Multimodal Combination of GPS, WiFi, RFID, and Pedometer Technologies 