|
| Authors and year of publication | Sample | Photosensitizing
agent | Light source | Microorganisms/biofilm | Application protocol | Outcome |
|
| Wilson et al., 1995 [19] | Natural dental biofilm; 10 volunteers; prereduced Calgon Ringer’s solution | AlPcS2
TB | GaAlAs
laser 660 nm (11 mW)
HeNe laser 632.8 nm (7.3 mW) | Streptococci | 60 s and 180 s | HeNe/TB combination was more effective at reducing viable microorganisms |
|
| Wilson et al., 1996 [20] | Synthesized biofilm in 4 days; single species; HA discs | AlPcS2 | GaAlAs laser 660 nm | S. sanguinis | 0.8 J (4.1 J/cm2) | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Wood et al., 1999 [21] | Natural dental biofilm in 7 days; 8 volunteers; devices were attached to surface of maxillary first or second molars | PPC | Tungsten white bulb
600–700 nm
(400 w; 22.5 mW/cm2) | Natural human dental biofilm
(species not listed) | 30 minutes | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| O’Neill et al., 2002 [22] | Biofilm formed from human saliva from 10 volunteers; multispecies biofilms grown on discs prepared from cellulose nitrate membrane filters for 24 h | TB | HeNe laser 632 nm
(35 mW) | Streptococci | 15 minutes
(31.5 J; 81.9 J/cm2) | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Zanin et al., 2005 [16] | Synthesized biofilm in 3, 7, and 10 days; HA discs; single species | TB | HeNe laser 632.8 nm
(32 mW)
LED 620–660 nm | S. mutans | 5 (49 J/cm2), 15
(147 J/cm2) and 30
(294 J/cm2) minutes | LED/TB on biofilm for 3 (147 J/or 294 J/cm2) and 7 days
(49 J/cm2 or 294 J/cm2)
For 10 days, no difference between HeNe and LED |
|
| Wood et al., 2006 [23] | Synthesized biofilms in 48, 120, 168, 216, and 288 hours; steel discs; single species | ER
MB
Photofrin | Tungsten white light 40 W (ER—22.7 mW/cm2, 500–550 nm; MB and Photofrin—22.5 mW/cm2,
600–650 nm) | S. mutans | 15 minutes of irradiation | Reduction in viable microorganisms
Greater effectiveness with ER |
|
| Zanin et al., 2006 [24] | Synthesized biofilm in 3, 5, and 7 days; single species; bovine enamel discs | TBO | Red LED 620–660 nm (32 mW) | S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis | 7 minutes of irradiation 85.7 J/cm−2 | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Müller et al., 2007 [25] | Synthesized biofilm in 64.5 h; multispecies; bovine enamel discs | MB | Gasiform ozone and laser 665 nm (75 mW) | S. sobrinus, S. oralis | 60 s of irradiation | No reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Steinberg et al., 2008 [26] | Synthesized biofilm in 24 h; single species; microplates | H2O2 | Blue xenon lamp
400–500 nm | S. mutans | 30 s of irradiation (34 J/cm2) 60 s (68 J/cm2) | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Lima et al., 2009 [27] | Natural dental biofilm for 7 days; 20 volunteers; palatal devices containing slabs of human dentin | TB | LED 620–660 nm | Streptococci, Lactobacilli | 5 minutes of irradiation
(47 J/cm−2) and
10 minutes
(94 J/cm−2) | Reduction in viable microorganisms with LED/TB and LED (94 J/cm−2) alone |
|
| Schneider et al., 2012 [14] | Biofilm from saliva from 4 volunteers and growth in 4 hours
Glass surface
Single species | Phenothiazine chloride | Diode laser 660 nm (100 mW) | S. mutans | 2 minutes of irradiation | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Chen et al., 2012 [28] | Synthesized biofilm in 24 hours
Single species
Stainless steel discs | Nanoparticles of ER + CS | Green LED
540 ± 5 nm (22m W/cm2) | S. mutans | ER/CS nanoparticles
for 12 h followed by dose of 50 J cm2 | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Silva et al., 2012 [29] | Synthesized biofilm in
24 hours
Single species
Bovine dentin discs | Photogem hematoporphyrin derivative |
Biotable LED 610–650 nm | S. mutans | 25 minutes of irradiation (75 Jcm−2) and 50 minutes of irradiation (150 Jcm−2) | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Teixeira et al., 2012 [30] | Natural dental biofilm in 7 days
Acrylic palatal device with human enamel slabs
21 volunteers | TB | Red LED 620–660 nm | S. mutans | 15 minutes of irradiation (55 J cm−2) | No reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Pereira et al., 2013 [31] | Synthesized biofilm in
48 hours
Single species
Acrylic resin discs | ER and RB | Blue LED
455 ± 20 nm (200 mW) | S. mutans, S. sanguinis | 95 Jcm−² (36 J and for 180 s) | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Al-Ahmad et al., 2013 [32] | Culture of microorganisms from the saliva of a volunteer of 45 years old | TB | Broadband VIS + wIRA radiator with a water-filtered (580–1400 nm) | Salivary bacteria
(species not listed) | 220 mW cm−2
For 1 min | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
| Araújo et al., 2014 [33] | Synthesized biofilm in 7 days
Single species
Polystyrene 96-well plates | Curcumin | Blue LED 450 nm | S. mutans, L. acidophilus | 5 minutes
5, 7 J/cm2 (19 mW/cm2) | Reduction in viable microorganisms |
|
