Food Antimicrobials Nanocarriers

Table 2

Examples of food antimicrobials encapsulated in nanoemulsions, nanospheres, nanocapsules, and nanoliposomes.

Antimicrobial	Carrier system	Material used	Encapsulation efficiency (%)	Main target; microorganism	Reference
Eugenol	Nanoemulsion	Sesame oil; Miglyol 812N	—	Escherichia coli O157:H7; Listeria monocytogenes Escherichia coli C 600, Listeria innocua	[15]; [20]
	Nanospheres	PLGA	98	Salmonella spp.; Listeria spp.	[29]
Carvacrol	Nanoemulsion	Miglyol 812N; Sunflower oil	—; —	Escherichia coli C 600, Listeria innocua; Lactobacillus delbrueckii Saccharomyces cerevisiae	[20]; [21]
	Nanospheres	Chitosan; Zein	14–31; —	Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus; Escherichia coli	[31]; [32]
Thymol	Nanospheres	Zein	—	Staphylococcus aureus	[34]
Carvone and anethole	Nanospheres	PLGA	14.73 and 12.32	Salmonella Typhi	[30]
Limonene	Nanoemulsion	Sunflower oil	—	Lactobacillus delbrueckii   Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Escherichia coli	[21]
Cinnamaldehyde	Nanospheres	PLGA	92	Salmonella spp.; Listeria spp.	[29]
	Nanoemulsion	Sunflower oil	—	Lactobacillus delbrueckii   Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Escherichia coli	[21]
Basil oil	Nanoemulsion	Basil oil/water	—	Escherichia coli	[22]
Lemongrass oil	Nanoemulsion	Carnauba; Lemongrass oil/alginate	—	Escherichia coli O157:H7; Salmonella  Typhimurium; Yeast	[18]; [19]; [23]
Bovine lactoferrin	Nanoemulsion	Lecithin and poloxamers	—	Staphylococcus aureus Listeria innocua; Candida albicans	[25]
Nisin	Solid Lipid Nanoparticles	Imwitor 900	73.6	Lactobacillus plantarum Listeria monocytogenes	[41]
	Nanocapsules	Chitosan/carrageenan; Zein	53–93.32; 36.65–49.05	Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella enterica Micrococcus luteus; Enterobacter aerogenes Listeria monocytogenes	[10]; [40]
	Nanoliposomes	Soy bean/lecithin	50	Listeria monocytogenes	[45]