An Overview of Important Ethnomedicinal Herbs of Phyllanthus Species: Present Status and Future Prospects

Table 2

Pharmacological effect of major phytochemicals in Phyllanthus amarus, P. debilis, P. fraternus, P. tenellus, P. urinaria, and P. virgatus.

Species	Class	Phytoconstituent	Pharmacological effect	Reference
P. amarus	Lignan	Phyllanthin	Hepatoprotective	[43]
			Anticancer, antitumour	[44]
			Antileukemia	[45]
			Antibacterial	[46]
			Antiamnestic	[47]
			Antiaging
			Antioxidant	[6]
			Anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic	[48]
		Hypophyllanthin	Antitumor, anticancer	[44]
		Niranthin	Antitumor	[20]
			Antiviral	[10]
			Anti-inflammatory	[9]
		Phyltetralin	Anti-inflammatory	[9]
		Nirtetralin	Anti-inflammatory	[9]
			Antiviral	[10]
			Reverses multidrug resistance	[49, 50]
		Hinokinin	Antiviral	[10]
	Flavonoid	Rutin	Radioprotective	[12]
			Antioxidant	[18]
		Quercetin-3-O-glucoside	Antioxidant	[18]
	Tannin	Geraniin	Antiviral	[10, 51]
			Radioprotective	[12]
			Hepatoprotective	[52]
		Amariin	Antioxidant	[18]
			Radioprotective	[12]
			Hepatoprotective	[52]
		Repandusinic acid A	Antioxidant	[18]
			Radioprotective	[12]
		Corilagin	Antioxidant	[18]
			Radioprotective	[12]
			Antiviral	[51]
		Phyllanthusiin A, B, C, D	Antioxidant	[18]
			radioprotective	[12]
	Alkaloid	Norsecurinine	Antifungal	[21]
	Volatile oil	Linalool, phytol	Antimicrobial	[24, 53]
	Polyphenol		Anticancer	[54]
P. fraternus	Alkamide	E,E-2,4-Octadienamide	Antiplasmodial	[28]
		E,Z-2,4-Decadienamide	Antiplasmodial	[28]
P. debilis	Oxirano-furanocoumarin	Debelalactone	Antihepatotoxic	[25]
P. tenellus	Lignan	Niranthin	Antiviral	[10]
		Nirtetralin	Antiviral	[10]
		Hinokinin	Antiviral	[10]
P. urinaria	Lignan	Phyltetralin	Anti-inflammatory	[31]
		Phyllanthin	Anti-inflammatory	[31]
	Flavonoid	Quercetin	Anti-inflammatory	[31]
		Rutin	Anti-inflammatory	[31]
		Rhamnocitrin	Anti-inflammatory	[31]
	Coumarin	Methylbrevifolin carboxylate	Antioxidant	[31]
	Ellagitannin	Geraniin	Antiviral	[55]
			Antioxidant	[56]
		Ellagic acid	Antiangiogenic	[57]
			Antiviral	[37]
	Sterol	β-Sitosterol	Analgesic	[58]
			Anti-inflammatory	[59]
	Triterpene	β-Amyrin	Analgesic	[60]
		Methyl gallate	Antioxidant	[31]
		Trimethyl 1-3,4 dehydrochebulate	Antioxidant	[31]
P. virgatus	Lignan	Niranthin	Antiviral	[10]
		Nirtetralin	Antiviral	[10]
		Hinokinin	Antiviral	[10]
		Virgatusin	Antibacterial	[61]
	Ellagitannin	Geraniin	Antiviral	[10]