Review of the Socket Design and Interface Pressure Measurement for Transtibial Prosthesis

Table 1

Characteristics of subjects in the studied literature.

Study ()	Age (year)	Cause of amputation (%)	Residual limb length (cm)
Sanders et al. (1992) [34]	23–46	Trauma	13.7 (±2.0)
Sanders et al. (1993) [33]	23–46	Trauma	11–15
Zhang et al. (1996) [36]	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Zhang et al. (1998) [45]	43–75	Unknown	Unknown
Sanders et al. (2000) [51]	29–81	Trauma	9–14.5
Goh et al. (2003) [52]	31–62	Trauma-vascular disease	11–15
Lin et al. (2004) [37]	Unknown	Trauma	Unknown
Jia et al. (2004) [16]	56	Unknown	Unknown
Lee et al. (2004) [53]	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Sanders et al. (2005) [54]	28–61	Trauma	10.4–20.5
Lee and Zhang (2007) [42]	55	Trauma	Unknown
Portnoy et al. (2008) [44]	29	Trauma	12.76
Wolf et al. (2009) [55]	43–59	Tumor-trauma	Unknown
Abu Osman et al. (2010) [56]	34–77	Trauma-vascular disease	12–17.7
Dumbleton et al. (2009) [57]	25–69	Trauma-vascular disease	10.5–17.5
Boutwell et al. (2012) [58]	43–67	Trauma-vascular disease	Unknown
Kobayashi et al. (2012) [13]	18–60	Trauma-vascular disease	13–15
Kobayashi et al. (2013) [14]	18–61	Trauma-vascular disease	13–15
Boone et al. (2013) [11]	18–61	Trauma-vascular disease	13–16