Soil Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Paddy-Upland Rotation: A Review

Table 1

Changes in soil fertilizer before and after experiment under different land utilizing types.

Reference	Crop rotation	Before experiment					After experiment
		Soil depth (cm)	SOC; (g kg^−1)	Total N; (g kg^−1)	Total P; (g kg^−1)	Available P; (mg kg^−1)	Soil depth (cm)	SOC; (g kg^−1)	Total N; (g kg^−1)	Total P; (g kg^−1)	Available P; (mg kg^−1)
[14]	Rice—fallow	0–20	13.4	1.74	0.75	7.5	0–10	19.94	2.10	1.07	9.40
							10–20	20.47	2.14	0.65	11.10
	Rice—wheat						0–10	18.60	1.82	0.59	20.70
							10–20	17.60	1.78	0.89	19.50
[19]	Rice—fallow		15.6	2.53	0.62	/	0–10	12.53	2.46	0.53	/
							10–20	12.88	2.36	0.47
	Rice—rye grass	0–20	14.8	2.50	0.63	/	0–10	12.35	2.67	0.67
							10–20	10.79	2.48	0.54
	Rice—Chinese milk vetch		16.9	2.46	0.66	/	0–10	14.97	2.92	0.59
							10–20	12.41	2.61	0.49
[20]	Rice—wheat	0–15	/	1.35	/	8.5	0–15	/	1.40	/	11.40
[39]			3.6	/	/	10.0	0–15	4.10	/	/	6.40
[42]			3.2	/	/	11.8	0–15	2.90	/	/	16.10
[43]			5.3	/	/	/	0–15	3.75	/	/	/
[44]	Rice—wheat	0–20	12.3	1.70	/	5.2	0–5	17.0	1.80	/	8.25
							5–12	16.30	1.56		6.83
							12–24	11.0	1.05		1.44
[45]	Fallow	0–15	11.4	1.28	/	/	0–5	32.31	2.89	/	/
							5–15	16.42	1.61
	Rice—wheat						0–5	16.36	1.74
							5–15	9.92	1.17
[46]	Wheat—maize	0–20	5.4	0.41	/	8.3	0–20	6.50	0.66	/	22.10
								6.70	0.71		25.20
[47]	Soybean—maize	0–15	5.4	0.45	/	/	0–15	6.80	1.25	/	/
	Centro—maize							6.43	0.67
	Cowpea—maize							4.86	0.47
	Fallow—maize							5.07	0.53

The data in the table are obtained from field experiments using traditional tillage method and cultivation techniques without any application of organic fertilizers or crop straws. A part of SOC data is derived from the conversion of SOM (SOM = 1.724 * SOC, SOC: soil organic carbon; SOM: soil organic matter).