Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Biological Activities of Bixa orellana L.: A Review

Table 1

Traditional uses of annatto in American countries.

Country/use	Plant part	References
Argentina
Antipyretic/cardiotonic/antidiarrheal	Seeds	[24]
Antidiarrheal/dyes/condiment	Seeds	[25]
Brazil
Body paint	Seeds	[26]
Insect repellent	Seeds	[27]
Condiment/food coloring	Seeds	[27]
Antipyretic	Seeds	[26]
Antipyretic/laxatives/burns	Seeds	[28]
Malaria	Seeds	[26]
Colombia
Snakebite	Leaves	[29]
Aphrodisiac	Seeds	[30]
Cuba
Aphrodisiac	Seeds	[31]
Guatemala
Gonorrhea/dysentery	Leaves	[32]
Hepatitis	Leaves	[33]
Dysentery	Leaves	[34]
Blood diseases	Leaves	[35]
Gonorrhea	Roots	[32]
Diabetes	Roots	[36]
Honduras
Aromatic/food coloring	Seeds	[37]
Pain/digestive/dysentery	Leaves	[38]
Jamaica
Diabetes	Seeds	[39]
Nicaragua
Respiratory and pulmonary disorders/diarrhea/diuretic/burns	Leaves + seeds	[40]
Labor pains	Seeds	[41]
Cough/cold/diuretic/diarrhea/burns/labor pains	Seeds	[40]
Paraguay
Insecticide/repellent	Seeds	[42]
Diabetes	Seeds	[39]
Peru
Aphrodisiac/aphrodisiac/diuretic/antidisenteria/astringent	Fruits	[34]
Antipyretic/skin problems	Leaves	[33]
Alcoholic hepatitis/worms	Roots	[33]
Antipyretic/aphrodisiac/dysentery/astringent/stomach	Seeds	[34]
Trinidad and Tobago
Diuretic	Leaves	[43]
Diabetes	Roots	[44]
Diabetes	Roots	[45]