Research Article
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Fine Particulate Matter Mass and Chemical Composition: The Middle East Consortium for Aerosol Research Study
Table 1
Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 components across the eleven sampling sites, MECARS-2007 (unit: microgram per cubic meter).
| | Site | Statistics | PM2.5 mass | OC | EC | | | | Dust | Toxic metal | Metal |
| | All sites | | | | | | | | | | | | | Minimum | 5.6 | N.D | N.D | N.D | N.D | 0.0 | N.D | N.D | N.D | | Mean | 28.7 | 5.3 | 2.1 | 4.6 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 5.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | | Std. deviation | 17.8 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 8.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | | Maximum | 162.0 | 36.2 | 16.1 | 14.9 | 8.1 | 6.8 | 75.4 | 4.8 | 3.3 |
| | Palestine | | | | | | | | | | | | E. Jerusalem | Minimum | 9.7 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | N.D | 0.1 | | Mean | 26.8 | 5.5 | 2.3 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 0.1 | 0.4 | | Std. deviation | 17.1 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 8.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | | Maximum | 117.9 | 29.3 | 6.6 | 10.7 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 53.7 | 0.4 | 2.8 | | Hebron | Minimum | 8.1 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | N.D | 0.1 | | Mean | 23.1 | 5.5 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | | Std. deviation | 10.8 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 4.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | | Maximum | 65.0 | 13.3 | 5.1 | 13.0 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 20.7 | 0.4 | 0.9 | | Nablus | Minimum | 13.3 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | | Mean | 30.9 | 8.3 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 4.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | | Std. deviation | 12.4 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 6.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | | Maximum | 85.1 | 15.9 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 39.0 | 0.4 | 2.0 |
| | Jordan | | | | | | | | | | | | Aqaba | Minimum | 10.3 | 1.1 | N.D | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.0 | N.D | N.D | N.D | | Mean | 25.4 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 6.3 | 0.1 | 0.4 | | Std. deviation | 16.5 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 9.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | | Maximum | 114.2 | 8.9 | 3.0 | 7.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 58.5 | 0.2 | 2.5 | | Rahma | Minimum | 8.3 | N.D | N.D | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | N.D | 0.1 | | Mean | 25.0 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 6.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | | Std. deviation | 18.7 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 11.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | | Maximum | 132.0 | 5.7 | 1.3 | 11.5 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 72.0 | 0.2 | 3.1 | | Amman | Minimum | 12.4 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | | Mean | 40.3 | 6.7 | 2.5 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 10.7 | 0.1 | 0.7 | | Std. deviation | 25.4 | 4.0 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 13.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | | Maximum | 162.0 | 20.4 | 7.5 | 11.5 | 3.9 | 5.8 | 75.4 | 0.5 | 3.0 | | Zarqa | Minimum | 12.6 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | | Mean | 37.5 | 9.4 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 6.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | | Std. deviation | 19.4 | 5.8 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 9.3 | 1.1 | 0.5 | | Maximum | 113.0 | 36.2 | 16.1 | 11.8 | 7.6 | 5.9 | 58.9 | 4.8 | 2.7 |
| | Israel | | | | | | | | | | | | Eilat | Minimum | 5.6 | 1.2 | N.D | N.D | N.D | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | | Mean | 20.6 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 4.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 | | Std. deviation | 9.6 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 5.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | | Maximum | 53.7 | 7.1 | 1.6 | 7.2 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 23.6 | 0.2 | 1.3 | | W. Jerusalem | Minimum | 10.3 | 1.4 | N.D | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | N.D | 0.1 | | Mean | 25.7 | 4.6 | 1.2 | 4.9 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 4.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | | Std. deviation | 18.2 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 7.7 | 0.1 | 0.5 | | Maximum | 116.6 | 36.2 | 8.8 | 14.2 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 50.2 | 0.6 | 2.9 | | Tel Aviv | Minimum | 13.0 | 1.6 | N.D | 1.2 | N.D | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | | Mean | 32.2 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 5.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 4.5 | 0.1 | 0.8 | | Std. deviation | 12.5 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 0.7 | | Maximum | 80.7 | 12.7 | 3.7 | 14.9 | 8.1 | 6.8 | 17.5 | 0.2 | 3.3 | | Haifa | Minimum | 7.8 | 1.1 | N.D | 0.7 | N.D | 0.0 | 0.2 | N.D | 0.1 | | Mean | 24.4 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 5.4 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | | Std. deviation | 17.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 6.8 | 0.1 | 0.4 | | Maximum | 106.8 | 22.6 | 4.8 | 14.9 | 3.1 | 5.6 | 48.5 | 0.4 | 2.8 |
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N.D represents not detected.
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