A Modified Active Appearance Model Based on an Adaptive Artificial Bee Colony

Table 13

Proposed and conventional AAM techniques fitting error of (a) CASIA face images dataset, (b) 2.5D face dataset, and (c) UBIRIS dataset.

(a)

Fitting error
Experiments	Conventional AAM	Adaptive AAM [41]	Proposed AAM
1	6	6.82	4
2	7.4	8.57	6.42
3	6	5.62	5.22
4	7.2	5.75	5.29
5	8	4	6.40
6	6.5	4.87	4
7	4	6	3.12
8	5	7	2.93
9	7.8	5.84	4.33
10	7	6	5
Average	6.49	6.05	4.67

(b)

Fitting error
Experiments	Conventional AAM	Adaptive AAM [41]	Proposed AAM
1	7	5.93	3
2	6.8	7.43	4
3	8	6.93	5
4	8.8	4.45	5.8
5	7	5	6
6	5.7	5.54	4
7	8	7	2.58
8	6	5	3
9	5.9	6.92	4
10	7	6	3
Average	7.02	6.02	4.038

(c)

Fitting error
Experiments	Conventional AAM	Adaptive AAM [41]	Proposed AAM
1	6	5	2
2	5	6	3
3	6	7	1
4	8	3	4.87
5	8	4	4
6	6	8	3
7	5	5	5
8	4.43	4	2
9	6.87	6	2.95
10	7.84	6	3
Average	6.314	5.4	3.082