A PSO-Based Hybrid Metaheuristic for Permutation Flowshop Scheduling Problems

Table 3

ARPD comparison of different methods for makespan criterion.

Problem	PACO	HGA_RMA	IG_RSLS	PSOVNS	PSO*
20×5	0.18	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.00
20×10	0.24	0.02	0.06	0.02	0.02
20×20	0.18	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.05
50×5	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
50×10	0.81	0.72	0.56	0.57	0.56
50×20	1.41	0.99	0.94	1.36	0.99
100×5	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00
100×10	0.29	0.16	0.20	0.18	0.20
100×20	1.93	1.30	1.30	1.45	1.18
200×10	0.23	0.14	0.12	0.18	0.18
200×20	1.82	1.26	1.26	1.35	1.16
Average	0.65	0.43	0.41	0.47	0.39

The bold font is used to highlight the better solutions.
*used to denote our algorithm.