Effect of Passive Pile on 3D Ground Deformation and on Active Pile Response

<table>Horizontal displacement field: (a) 2D soil displacement field of 2.5<i>B</i> pile spacing; (b) normalized horizontal displacement along the section A-B in (a).</table>

The Scientific World Journal

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Figure 2

Figure 2: Effect of Passive Pile on 3D Ground Deformation and on Active Pile Response 