Health Care Expenditure and GDP in African Countries: Evidence from Semiparametric Estimation with Panel Data

Table 2

Parametric estimation results.


Variable	Parametric model		Semiparametric model
Variable	1	2	Semiparametric model

Constant	−1.0293** (0.5296)	−0.1887 (0.8002)
lnGDP	0.9882*** (0.0261)	0.7583*** (0.1662)
lnGDP²		0.0177* (0.0104)
lnIMR	−0.5525*** (0.0783)	−0.5563*** (0.0784)	−0.8574*** (0.2140)
lnPOP65	0.3895**(0.1672)	0.3074* (0.1770)	0.5156 (0.5521)
Country dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes
Adjusted -square	0.7718	0.7710	0.4142

The dependent variable is lnHCE. Robust standard errors in parentheses.
*Significant at the 10% level.
**Significant at the 5% level.
***Significant at the 1% level.

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Health Care Expenditure and GDP in African Countries: Evidence from Semiparametric Estimation with Panel Data

Table 2