Health Care Expenditure and GDP in African Countries: Evidence from Semiparametric Estimation with Panel Data

Table 3

Semiparametric regression results: country income groups.

Explanatory variable	22 lower income countries	20 middle income countries
lnPOP65	0.4757; (0.9736)	0.5772; (0.6849)
lnIMR	−0.9653***; (0.3252)	−0.7290**; (0.2938)
Adjusted 𝑅-square	0.3285	0.5108

The dependent variable is lnHCE. Robust standard errors in parentheses.
*Significant at the 10% level.
**Significant at the 5% level.
***Significant at the 1% level.