Testing the Psychometric Properties of a Chinese Version of the Level of Expressed Emotion Scale

Table 6

Levels of perceived expressed emotion and other psychological measures in patients with different psychiatric diagnoses.

Instrument	Schizophrenia; 𝑛=118; M ± SD	Psychotic disorders; 𝑛=50; M ± SD	Unipolar disorder; 𝑛=48; M ± SD	Bipolar disorder; 𝑛=12; M ± SD	One-way; ANOVA test; 𝐹, df, and 𝑃
LEE (50–200)^a	119.45±23.65	121.47±20.33	132.88±20.54	111.01±18.15	5.21, 259, 0.01
Intrusiveness/hostility (12–48)	30.43±10.10	32.24±10.87	30.52±10.10	26.38±9.80	5.98, 258, 0.005
Attitudes towards patient (13–52)	28.87±9.89	26.69±10.76	30.88±9.12	27.54±9.38	4.57, 258, 0.04
Tolerance (12–48)	26.61±11.41	26.77±11.89	27.50±10.34	26.32±10.02	3.83, 258, 0.12
Emotional involvement (13–52)	33.54±10.06	35.77±10.57	34.98±12.11	30.77±10.80	5.17, 258, 0.01
BPRS-positive symptoms^b (0–48)	24.98±8.57	25.33±9.81	15.51±6.40	18.01±8.11	6.10, 258, 0.005
BDI (0–63)	18.21±8.90	19.01±7.88	22.21±9.98	21.65±9.65	4.33, 258, 0.05
BAI (0–63)	27.91±9.10	29.05±10.54	30.56±11.03	31.01±10.51	3.45, 258, 0.15
FAD (60–240)	154.98±23.67	145.33±24.79	177.30±19.12	149.58±24.01	5.10, 259, 0.01
FBIS (0–50)	10.75±6.02	10.69±6.59	10.17±6.85	10.01±7.08	3.95, 259, 0.08

LEE: level of expression emotion scale; BPRS: brief psychiatric rating scale; BDI: beck depression inventory-II; BAI: beck anxiety inventory; FAD: family assessment device; FBIS: family burden interview schedule.
aPossible range of scores of the total scale or its subscales in the parentheses.
bMean score calculated with 8 items of the BPRS from thought disturbance and disorganization subscales [26].