|
| SNP ID/author | GDM/control | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Insulin therapy/diet control | Insulin (mIU/mL) | Gestational age at blood collection |
|
| TNF-α | | | | | | |
| Altinova et al. [13] | 34/31 | GDM 31.5 ± 4.3;
control 29.0 ± 4.9 | GDM 29.5 ± 3.5;
control 28.0 ± 4.3 | Insulin therapy: 5
Diet control: 29 | GDM 58.7 ± 15.5;
control 36.9 ± 5.8 | Third trimester |
| Cseh et al. [9] | 30/11 | GDM 28.00 ± 2.70;
control 26.00 ± 2.60 | GDM 33.40 ± 6.40;
control 25.40 ± 2.60 | Insulin therapy: all | NP | Third trimester |
| Gao et al. [14] | 22/20 | GDM 30.97 ± 3.64;
control 28.80 ± 2.62 | GDM 23.92 ± 3.51;
control 21.83 ± 2.33 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | NP | GDM 29.28 ± 2.79 w;
control 28.00 ± 3.09 w |
| Gauster et al. [15] | 26/241 | GDM 29.2 ± 6.2;
obese-control 27.6 ± 5.6;
lean-control 28.5 ± 6.0 | GDM 35.8 ± 1.5;
lean-control 22.2 ± 3.5;
obese-control 34.6 ± 7.4 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | GDM 30.6 ± 20.3;
lean-control 12.5 ± 6.4;
obese-control 23.3 ± 13.1 | GDM 38.5 ± 0.7 w;
control 38.7 ± 0.6 w |
| Kinalski et al. [16] | 80/30 | GDM 29.0 ± 4.9;
control 28.2 ± 6.0 | GDM 27.11 ± 4.58;
control 25.61 ± 3.41 | Insulin therapy: no
Diet control: all | GDM 11.03 ± 12.18;
control 5.46 ± 2.02 | Third trimester |
| Kirwan et al. [4] | 5/10 | GDM 29 ± 2;
lean-control 33 ± 2;
obese-control 30 ± 1 | GDM 30.8 ± 2.8;
obese-control 27.3 ± 2.4;
Lean-control 19.8 ± 1.0 | NP | Obese-GDM 27.5 ± 5.6;
lean-control 10.7 ± 0.9 | Between 34 and 36 w |
| McLachlan et al. [17] | 19/19 | GDM 33 ± 1;
control 33 ± 1 | GDM 31.5 ± 1.3;
control 31.6 ± 1.3 | Insulin therapy: 5
Diet control: 14 | NP | Third trimester |
| Radaelli et al. [7] | 7/8 | NP | GDM 39.7 ± 2.6;
control 34.0 ± 3.3 | Insulin therapy: 7 | GDM 58.7 ± 15.5;
control 36.9 ± 5.8 | GDM 38.5 ± 0.5 w;
control 38.9 ± 0.4 w |
| Saucedo et al. [18] | 60/60 | GDM 31.9 ± 5.6;
control 24.8 ± 6.4 | GDM 30.2 ± 4.9;
control 28.4 ± 7.3 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | GDM 61.1 ± 40.3;
control 50.7 ± 33.3 | At 30 w |
| Winkler et al. [19] | 30/35 | GDM 28.0 ± 2.7;
control 26.0 ± 2.6 | GDM 33.4 ± 6.4;
control 25.4 ± 2.6 | Insulin therapy: all | NP | GDM 27.6 ± 6.1 w;
control 22.5 ± 10.8 w |
| Leptin | | | | | | |
|
Chen et al. [20] | 20/20 | GDM 31.2 ± 6.3;
control 28.7 ± 5.3 | GDM 29.2 ± 5.8;
control 27.8 ± 4.0 | NP | GDM 24.12 ± 14.4;
control 15.95 ± 7.1 | GDM 37.1 ± 2.3 w;
control 39.0 ± 1.7 w |
| Cseh et al. [9] | 30/11 | GDM 28.00 ± 2.70;
control 26.00 ± 2.60 | GDM 33.40 ± 6.40;
control 25.40 ± 2.60 | Insulin therapy: all | NP | Third trimester |
| Festa et al. [21] | 55/166 | GDM 29.4 ± 5.9;
control 26.4 ± 5.2 | GDM 28.8 ± 4.7;
control 25.9 ± 4.3 | Insulin therapy: no
Diet control: all | GDM 67.0 ± 34.7;
control 59.2 ± 35.8 | GDM 26.0 ± 5.0 w;
control 25.4 ± 1.5 w |
| Gao et al. [14] | 22/20 | GDM 30.97 ± 3.64;
control 28.80 ± 2.62 | GDM 23.92 ± 3.51;
Control 21.83 ± 2.33 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | NP | GDM 29.28 ± 2.79 w;
control 28.00 ± 3.09 w |
| Gauster et al. [15] | 26/241 | GDM 29.2 ± 6.2;
obese-control 27.6 ± 5.6;
lean-control 28.5 ± 6.0 | GDM 35.8 ± 1.5;
lean-control 22.2 ± 3.5;
obese-control 34.6 ± 7.4 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | GDM 30.6 ± 20.3;
lean-control 12.5 ± 6.4;
obese-control 23.3 ± 13.1 | GDM 38.5 ± 0.7 w;
control 38.7 ± 0.6 w |
| Georgiou et al. [22] | 14/14 | GDM 33.8 ± 5.0;
control 32.6 ± 3.4 | GDM 28.2 ± 8.4;
control 24.7 ± 5.1 | Insulin therapy: 6
Diet control: 8 | GDM 14.3 ± 8.3;
control 8.9 ± 3.7 | At 28 w |
| Horosz et al. [23] | 86/48 | GDM 31.8 ± 4.3;
control 30.7 ± 3.5 | GDM 28.39 ± 5.32;
control 25.40 ± 2.72 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | GDM 9.77 ± 4.94;
control 8.10 ± 3.32 | Between 27 and 32 w |
|
Kautzky-Willer et al. [24] | 55/25 | GDM 30.9 ± 0.9;
control 29.6 ± 1.9 | GDM 28.0 ± 0.9;
control 28.1 ± 0.8 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | GDM 127.2 ± 13.2;
control 72.0 ± 12.3 | At 28 w |
| Kirwan et al. [4] | 5/10 | GDM 29 ± 2;
lean-Control 33 ± 2;
obese-Control 30 ± 1 | GDM 30.8 ± 2.8;
obese-control 7.3 ± 2.4;
lean-control 19.8 ± 1.0 | NP | Obese-GDM 27.5 ± 5.6;
lean-control 10.7 ± 0.9 | Between 34 and 36 w |
| Kleiblova et al. [25] | 10/13 | GDM 34.6 ± 2.5;
control 33.1 ± 1.3 | GDM 30.1 ± 2.3;
control 22.7 ± 0.9 | Insulin therapy: all | GDM 144.8 ± 64.56;
control 23.4 ± 1.96 | GDM 268.9 ± 4.2 d;
control 276.9 ± 1.6 d |
| McLachlan et al. [17] | 19/19 | GDM 33 ± 1;
control 33 ± 1 | GDM 31.5 ± 1.3;
control 31.6 ± 1.3 | Insulin therapy: 5
Diet control: 14 | NP | Third trimester |
| Mokhtari et al. [26] | 26/22 | GDM 32.69 ± 6.85;
control 28.18 ± 8.93 | GDM 28.51 ± 3.66;
control 27.24 ± 4.06 | NP | NP | Third trimester |
| Vitoratos et al. [27] | 17/17 | GDM 33 ± 2.3;
control 34 ± 2.7 | GDM 36.74 ± 6.52;
control 34.86 ± 5.91 | NP | GDM 21.29 ± 10.16;
control NP | At 29 w and 33 w |
| Okereke et al. [28] | 7/8 | GDM 29.9 ± 4.1;
control 31.6 ± 3.4 | GDM 28.7 ± 6.3;
control 26.2 ± 4.5 | Insulin therapy: all | GDM 0.046 ± 0.02;
control 0.089 ± 0.03 | Between 34 and 36 w |
| Radaelli et al. [7] | 7/8 | NP | GDM 39.7 ± 2.6;
control 34.0 ± 3.3 | Insulin therapy: all | GDM 58.7 ± 15.5;
control 36.9 ± 5.8 | GDM 38.5 ± 0.5 w;
control 38.9 ± 0.4 w |
| Ranheim et al. [29] | 22/29 | NP | GDM 31.4 ± 1;
control 28.3 ± 0.6 | Insulin therapy: 30%
Diet control: 70% | GDM 389 ± 84;
control 75 ± 6 | GDM 38.1 ± 0.3 w;
control 38.5 ± 0.3 w |
| Saucedo et al. [18] | 60/60 | GDM 31.9 ± 5.6;
control 24.8 ± 6.4 | GDM 30.2 ± 4.9;
control 28.4 ± 7.3 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | GDM 61.1 ± 40.3;
control 50.7 ± 33.3 | At 30 w |
| Yilmaz et al. [30] | 56/42 | GDM 31.45 ± 4.92;
control 28.1 ± 4.02 | GDM 29.01 ± 4.93;
control 28.02 ± 4.27 | NP | GDM 14.62 ± 12.04;
control 8.81 ± 4.28 | GDM 30.85 ± 3.39 w;
control 31.2 ± 3.69 w |
| Adiponectin | | | | | | |
| Altinova et al. [13] | 34/31 | GDM 31.5 ± 4.3;
control 29.0 ± 4.9 | GDM 29.5 ± 3.5;
control 28.0 ± 4.3 | Insulin therapy: 5
Diet control: 29 | GDM 58.7 ± 15.5;
control 36.9 ± 5.8 | Third trimester |
| Ballesteros et al. [31] | 80/132 | GDM 31.88 ± 5.19;
control 31.33 ± 4.86 | GDM 25.56 ± 4.94;
control 24.83 ± 5.13 | Insulin therapy: 29
Diet control: 51 | GDM 10.03 (7.01–15.12);
control 7.73 (5.83–13.28) | GDM 27.51 ± 1.41 w;
control 27.46 ± 1.40 w |
| Cortelazzi et al. [32] | 18/33 | GDM 34 ± 4.5;
control 29 ± 5.2 | GDM 24.7 ± 2.1;
control 21.8 ± 1.2 | Insulin therapy: 10
Diet control: 8 | NP | Between 37 and 41 w |
| Gao et al. [14] | 22/20 | GDM 30.97 ± 3.64;
control 28.80 ± 2.62 | GDM 23.92 ± 3.51;
control 21.83 ± 2.33 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | NP | GDM 29.28 ± 2.79 w;
control 28.00 ± 3.09 w |
| Georgiou et al. [22] | 14/14 | GDM 33.8 ± 5.0;
control 32.6 ± 3.4 | GDM 28.2 ± 8.4;
control 24.7 ± 5.1 | Insulin therapy: 6
Diet control: 8 | GDM 14.3 ± 8.3;
control 8.9 ± 3.7 | At 28 w |
| Horosz et al. [23] | 86/48 | GDM 31.8 ± 4.3;
control 30.7 ± 3.5 | GDM 28.39 ± 5.32;
control 25.40 ± 2.72 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | GDM 9.77 ± 4.94;
control 8.10 ± 3.32 | Between 27 and 32 w |
| Kinalski et al. [16] | 80/30 | GDM 29.0 ± 4.9;
control 28.2 ± 6.0 | GDM 27.11 ± 4.58;
control 25.61 ± 3.41 | Insulin therapy: no
Diet control: yes | GDM 11.03 ± 12.18;
control 5.46 ± 2.02 | Third trimester |
| Kleiblova et al. [25] | 10/13 | GDM 34.6 ± 2.5;
control 33.1 ± 1.3 | GDM 30.1 ± 2.3;
control 22.7 ± 0.9 | Insulin therapy: all | GDM 144.8 ± 64.56;
control 23.4 ± 1.96 | GDM 268.9 ± 4.2 d;
control 276.9 ± 1.6 d |
| McLachlan et al. [17] | 19/19 | GDM 33 ± 1;
control 33 ± 1 | GDM 31.5 ± 1.3;
control 31.6 ± 1.3 | Insulin therapy: 5
Diet control: 14 | NP | Third trimester |
| Ranheim et al. [29] | 22/29 | NP | GDM 31.4 ± 1;
control 28.3 ± 0.6 | Insulin therapy: 30%
Diet control: 70% | GDM 389 ± 84;
control 75 ± 6 | GDM 38.1 ± 0.3 w;
control 38.5 ± 0.3 w |
| Saucedo et al. [18] | 60/60 | GDM 31.9 ± 5.6;
control 24.8 ± 6.4 | GDM 30.2 ± 4.9;
control 28.4 ± 7.3 | Insulin therapy: yes, but not all | GDM 61.1 ± 40.3;
control 50.7 ± 33.3 | At 30 w |
| Soheilykhah et al. [33] | 30/31 | Matched | Matched | NP | GDM 148.52 ± 258.30;
control 84.67 ± 35.16 | At 28 w |
| Thyfault et al./A1 [34] | 11/27 | GDM 29.9 ± 1.8;
control 26.1 ± 1.1 | GDM 35.1 ± 2.3;
control 33.4 ± 1.5 | NP | GDM 11.5 ± 2.1;
control 15.9 ± 3.3 | GDM 39.5 ± 0.2 w;
control 39.2 ± 0.3 w |
| Thyfault et al./A2 [34] | 11/27 | GDM 30.7 ± 1.7;
control 26.1 ± 1.1 | GDM 39.9 ± 2.5;
control 33.4 ± 1.5 | NP | GDM 28.7 ± 6.9;
control 15.9 ± 3.3 | GDM 39.1 ± 0.4 w;
control 39.2 ± 0.3 w |
| Thyfault et al./B [34] | 9/27 | GDM 29.1 ± 1.7;
control 26.1 ± 1.1 | GDM 39.6 ± 3.0;
control 33.4 ± 1.5 | NP | GDM 65.5 ± 31.8;
control 15.9 ± 3.3 | GDM 38.0 ± 0.6 w;
control 39.2 ± 0.3 w |
| Tsai et al. [35] | 34/219 | GDM 32.4 ± 3.9;
control 30.9 ± 4.1 | GDM 27.0 ± 3.4;
control 25.4 ± 2.9 | Insulin therapy: no
Diet control: all | GDM 121.0 ± 45.3;
control 89.2 ± 36.3 | GDM 27.0 ± 3.4 w;
control 25.4 ± 2.9 w |
| Worda et al. [36] | 20/21 | GDM 34.3 ± 4.5;
control 29.4 ± 6.2 | GDM 25.6 ± 4.6;
control 24.4 ± 4.6 | Insulin therapy: all | NP | GDM 32.1 ± 2.5 w;
control 32.2 ± 4.1 w |
|
