The Comparison of Pain Caused by Suprapubic Aspiration and Transurethral Catheterization Methods for Sterile Urine Collection in Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Study

Table 2

Pain assessments in neonates during SPA and TUC using the PIPP.

Pain assessments	SPA (𝑛=43)	TUC (𝑛=42)	𝑃
Behavioral state			0.4
Active, 𝑛 (%)	32 (74.4%)	28 (66.7%)
Quiet awake, 𝑛 (%)	3 (7%)	2 (4.8%)
Active asleep, 𝑛 (%)	3 (7%)	8 (19%)
Quiet asleep, 𝑛 (%)	5 (11.6%)	4 (9.5%)
Brow Bulge Score, mean (SD)	2.2 (1.1)	2.1 (1.1)	0.7
Eye Squeeze Score, mean (SD)	2.1 (1.1)	2.1 (1.1)	0.8
Nasolabial Furrow Score, mean (SD)	2.9 (4.6)	2.1 (1.1)	0.2
Max. HR change, beats per min, mean (SD)	22.6 (18.8)	16.6 (16.5)	0.12
O2 sat. change, mean (SD)	−2.5 (4.3)	−3.2 (5)	0.06
PIPP score, mean (SD)	9.9 (3.7)	9.6 (3.2)	0.6