Environmental Temperature and Thermal Indices: What Is the Most Effective Predictor of Heat-Related Mortality in Different Geographical Contexts?
Table 2
Descriptive statistics of daily thermal indices and air temperature indicators assessed and measured in urban and suburban areas of Florence and Livorno during the warmest period of the year (May–October) from 2006 to 2008. Mean, standard deviation (SD), and 10th, 75th, and 90th percentiles are shown.
Daily thermal indices and air temperature indicators (°C)
Inland plain city: Florence
Coastal plain city: Livorno
Mean (±SD)
10th
75th
90th
Mean (±SD)
10th
75th
Urban
Average
UTCI
20.6 (±4.3)
15.0
24.0
26.0
20.8 (±3.9)
15.7
24.0
25.5
ATsun
24.6 (±5.3)
17.6
28.7
31.5
25.2 (±5.1)
18.6
29.2
31.6
ATsha
20.7 (±4.5)
14.8
24.3
26.6
21.1 (±4.2)
15.6
24.6
26.4
ATind
21.3 (±4.2)
15.8
24.4
26.7
21.7 (±4.0)
16.5
25.0
26.7
20.6 (±3.8)
15.6
23.9
25.7
20.4 (±3.3)
16.1
23.3
24.7
Minimum
UTCI
13.7 (±3.7)
9.0
16.5
18.1
14.6 (±3.6)
10.1
17.3
18.8
ATsun
18.2 (±4.8)
11.7
21.8
23.9
19.3 (±4.8)
13.1
23.0
25.1
ATsha
16.0 (±4.1)
10.5
19.1
21.1
17.1 (±4.1)
11.8
20.2
22.0
ATind
16.8 (±3.9)
11.5
19.8
21.6
17.9 (±3.9)
12.9
20.8
22.5
15.8 (±3.3)
11.3
18.3
20.0
16.7 (±3.2)
12.5
19.1
20.7
Maximum
UTCI
30.9 (±5.1)
23.7
34.9
37.4
30.8 (±4.2)
25.3
33.9
35.9
ATsun
33.1 (±6.2)
24.7
38.0
41.0
34.4 (±5.9)
26.8
39.2
41.6
ATsha
25.7 (±5.2)
18.9
29.9
32.7
25.6 (±4.5)
20.0
29.1
31.6
ATind
25.9 (±4.7)
19.7
29.7
32.1
25.9 (±4.3)
20.7
29.4
31.5
26.0 (±4.7)
20.1
29.9
32.4
24.9 (±3.7)
20.7
28.1
29.9
Suburban
Average
UTCI
21.2 (±5.1)
14.6
25.3
28.0
21.1 (±5.8)
13.8
25.2
28.0
ATsun
25.9 (±6.0)
18.1
30.5
33.7
27.7 (±6.8)
19.2
32.5
36.0
ATsha
22.0 (±5.1)
15.4
26.0
28.9
23.4 (±5.6)
16.4
27.6
30.3
ATind
23.0 (±4.7)
16.9
26.7
29.3
25.6 (±5.2)
18.9
29.3
32.1
21.9 (±4.2)
16.4
25.5
27.8
22.6 (±3.6)
17.9
25.4
27.3
Minimum
UTCI
13.8 (±4.5)
8.2
17.2
19.4
14.8 (±6.6)
6.6
19.6
22.6
ATsun
19.2 (±5.3)
12.1
23.2
26.0
22.3 (±6.8)
13.8
27.0
30.1
ATsha
16.8 (±4.7)
10.7
20.3
22.8
19.6 (±5.8)
12.3
23.7
26.8
ATind
18.1 (±4.4)
12.4
21.3
23.9
22.4 (±5.2)
15.6
25.9
29.0
16.6 (±3.7)
11.7
19.3
21.4
19.8 (±3.8)
14.7
22.8
24.8
Maximum
UTCI
30.7 (±6.0)
22.4
35.3
37.9
28.5 (±5.4)
21.6
32.4
34.7
ATsun
33.5 (±6.8)
24.1
38.7
41.9
34.3 (±7.2)
24.8
39.8
43.2
ATsha
26.8 (±5.7)
19.3
31.5
34.3
27.0 (±5.4)
20.0
30.9
33.7
ATind
27.6 (±5.3)
20.7
31.9
34.6
28.4 (±5.2)
21.6
32.4
34.9
27.4 (±5.1)
20.6
31.5
34.0
25.1 (±3.5)
20.6
27.7
29.9
UTCI: Universal Thermal Climate Index; ATsun: apparent temperature assessed outdoors also taking into consideration the solar radiation contribution; ATsha: apparent temperature assessed outdoors in the shade; ATind: apparent temperature assessed in indoor conditions; : environmental temperature.
