Effect of Environmental Factors on Germination and Emergence of Invasive Rumex confertus in Central Europe

Figure 2

Effects of temperature and light condition on germination as recorded for nontreated and cold-stratified seeds of Rumex confertus. Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences in germination percentages of the same treatment between light and dark periods at 5°C (a), 10°C (b), and 22°C (c) for 20 days (Tukey’s test at ). Each value is a mean of four replicates of 25 seeds. Error bars indicating standard deviation.

(a)

(b)

(c)