Assessment of Two School-Based Programs to Prevent Universal Eating Disorders: Media Literacy and Theatre-Based Methodology in Spanish Adolescent Boys and Girls

Table 1

Eating disorder prevention program contents.

NUT	(A) Definition of balanced eating; Definition of and differentiation between nutrition and eating; Nutrients; Food pyramid and foods; Water; (B) Analysis of menus: balanced menu; menu with high levels of fats; menu with high levels of proteins; menu with high levels of carbohydrates; (C) Final recommendations (NAOS pyramid)	Detailed self-recording of food consumed in the five meals a day for a week; “The pleasure of eating”: group activity of testing of the five senses with four different foods (smell, taste, texture, and definition of the food tasted)
ML	(A) Feminine beauty throughout history: the canon of beauty proposed by the Greeks; beauty through art; beauty through fashion; (B) Recent changes in the criteria for beauty: the Marilyn icon; the Barbie icon; Drastic changes in sizes for female models; (C) Beauty in the world: the deformed feet of Chinese women; the “giraffe-women” of Myanmar; the extremely obese women of Mauritania; the thinness of the West; (D) Analysis of advertising messages and transmission of values: what advertising hides from us: real effectiveness of diets and their effects; “nothing is as it seems” (example of a nonexistent ideal); manipulation of advertisements (fragmentation, make-up techniques); (E) Economic interests that lie behind the beauty industry; Questioning the automatic association between beauty and happiness; Real women: a variety of sizes	(A) Masculine beauty throughout history: the canon of beauty proposed by the Greeks; beauty through art; beauty through fashion; (B) Recent changes in the criteria for beauty: historical beauty references of masculinity in the 20th century: Marlon Brando, James Dean, Gregory Peck, and the legendary James Bond; evolution in action toys; drastic changes in the muscle development of male models; (C) Beauty in the world: labial discs of the tribe men Kisêdje; crocodile scarification in some tribes of Africa New Guinea; Moko Maori Tattoo in New Zealand; muscles in the West; (D) Analysis of advertising messages and transmission of values: what advertising hides from us: real effectiveness of diets, supplements, and anabolic risks; systematic omission of majority silhouettes; manipulation of advertisements (fragmentation, make-up techniques, PhotoShop, and Moviereshape); (E) Economic interests that lie behind the beauty industry; Questioning the automatic association between beauty and happiness; Real people: a variety of sizes	Comparison of feminine and masculine aesthetic models; Main differences between models: aspirations in relation to your body; body areas of concern; Means to achieve the perfect body: diet and exercise; Possible reasons for these differences: level variation in the aesthetic models throughout history (more feminine); coexistence of different aesthetic ideals in both sexes; promotion of roles in male and female toys; cultural differences in both aesthetic models; globalization of Western aesthetic ideals in both models; Manifestation of the models in the media: gender differences, valuing social referents; differences in body exposure; promotion of traditional gender roles; historic changes in gender roles; messages that promote the purchase of beauty products aimed at both sexes; tricks used (we use the same tricks for both models)
Activism	How to criticise media advertisements; How to write a letter of complaint: group discussion; Write and send a letter of complaint	How to criticise media advertisements; Video script: group discussion; Video making-of; Videos award