One-Year Follow-Up of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Patients’ Depression: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Controlled Study

Table 3

GEE analysis of BDI-II results.

Variable		SE	Wald	value
Group (EXP)	2.621	1.7139	2.338	0.126
Time (2nd)^⊕	0.156	0.7566	0.043	0.836
Time (3rd)^⊕	1.094	0.7659	2.039	0.153
Time (4th)^⊕	0.750	0.9723	0.595	0.440
Time (5th)^⊕	0.375	1.6816	0.050	0.824
Interactions
Group (EXP) × time (2nd)^#		1.6582	333.662	< 0.001^*
Group (EXP) × time (3rd)^#		1.7056	307.878	< 0.001^*
Group (EXP) × time (4th)^#		2.0456	189.815	< 0.001^*
Group (EXP) × time (5th)^#		2.4239	137.359	< 0.001^*

BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory; GEE, generalized estimating equation; EXP, experimental group; CON, control group.
^* < 0.001.
Reference group, the control group.
^⊕Reference group, time (1st).
^#Reference group, group (CON) × time (1st).
“2nd”: the measurement at the end of therapy.
“3rd”: the measurement 3 months after group therapy.
“4th”: the measurement 6 months after group therapy.
“5th”: the measurement 12 months after group therapy.