| | Biomarkers | Stable asthma | Unstable asthma |
| | pH | [45, 71–73]
[62–65]
after ICS treatment [66, 69, 72]
in GERD [63, 116, 117], after lansoprazole
in GERD [118], after lansoprazole | [62, 66–68] |
| | H2O2 | [74] correlated with FEV1
[75] correlated with severity, FEV1, and after treatment with corticosteroids | |
| | LTs | [15, 76, 80–87] | | | Cys-LTs | in EIB, before exercise [78] |
Cys-LTs after OCS treatment [89] | | in EIB, 10 min after exercise [78] | | LTE4 | but after ICS treatment [82] | |
| | 8-Isoprostane | but after ICS, OCS treatment [82, 93, 94] | |
| | PGE2 | Nonsmokers: [15, 82, 94]
smokers: [95] | |
| | ILs | | | | IL-4 | [96–101] | | | IL-5 | [102] | | | IL-6 | [97–100, 103] | | | IL-8 | [104] | | | IL-10 | [70] | | | IL-17 | [104] | |
| | INF-γ | in paediatric population [96] | |
| | RANTES | [104, 106, 107]
correlated with FEV1 and Raw [104] | [106, 107] |
| | MIP1α, MIP1β | in steroid naive adults [104] | |
| | TNF-α, TGF-β | , correlated with nonspecific BHR(PC) [104] | |
| | ET-1 | [106, 107] | [106, 107] |
| | Cytokeratine 1 | in paediatric population [109] | |
| | MDA | , after ICS treatment [110] | |
| | ADMA | In paediatric population [111] | |
| | CCL11 | [112] | [112]
after omalizumab therapy in severe asthmatic patients [113] |
| | hs-CRP | correlated with FeNO and serum hs-CRP [114] | correlated with FeNO and serum hs-CRP [114] |
| | sICAM-1 | related to bronchial asthma manifestation in paediatric population [115] | |
|
|
= increase, = reduction, = no significant change, and [] = corresponding reference.
ICS = inhaled corticosteroids, GERD = gastroesophageal reflux, H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide, LTs = leukotrienes, PGE2 = prostaglandin-E2, EIB = exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, OCS = oral corticosteroids, ILs = interleukins, INF-γ = interferon-γ, MIP = macrophage inflammatory proteins, TNF-a = tumor necrosis factor-a, TGF-β = transforming growth factor-β, BHR(PC) = bronchial hyperresponsiveness(provocative concentration), ET-1 = endothelin-1, SPs = surfactant proteins, MDA = malondialdehyde, ADMA = asymmetric dimethylarginine, CCL11 = eotaxin-1, hs-CRP = high sensitivity c-reactive protein, and sICAM-1 = solute intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
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